sftpgo/dataprovider/dataprovider.go

// Package dataprovider provides data access.
// It abstracts different data providers and exposes a common API.
package dataprovider

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/sha1"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"crypto/sha512"
	"crypto/subtle"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"hash"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/alexedwards/argon2id"
	"github.com/go-chi/render"
	unixcrypt "github.com/nathanaelle/password/v2"
	"github.com/rs/xid"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/pbkdf2"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"

	"github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/httpclient"
	"github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/logger"
	"github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/metrics"
	"github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/utils"
	"github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/vfs"
)

const (
	// SQLiteDataProviderName name for SQLite database provider
	SQLiteDataProviderName = "sqlite"
	// PGSQLDataProviderName name for PostgreSQL database provider
	PGSQLDataProviderName = "postgresql"
	// MySQLDataProviderName name for MySQL database provider
	MySQLDataProviderName = "mysql"
	// BoltDataProviderName name for bbolt key/value store provider
	BoltDataProviderName = "bolt"
	// MemoryDataProviderName name for memory provider
	MemoryDataProviderName = "memory"

	argonPwdPrefix            = "$argon2id$"
	bcryptPwdPrefix           = "$2a$"
	pbkdf2SHA1Prefix          = "$pbkdf2-sha1$"
	pbkdf2SHA256Prefix        = "$pbkdf2-sha256$"
	pbkdf2SHA512Prefix        = "$pbkdf2-sha512$"
	pbkdf2SHA256B64SaltPrefix = "$pbkdf2-b64salt-sha256$"
	md5cryptPwdPrefix         = "$1$"
	md5cryptApr1PwdPrefix     = "$apr1$"
	sha512cryptPwdPrefix      = "$6$"
	manageUsersDisabledError  = "please set manage_users to 1 in your configuration to enable this method"
	trackQuotaDisabledError   = "please enable track_quota in your configuration to use this method"
	operationAdd              = "add"
	operationUpdate           = "update"
	operationDelete           = "delete"
	sqlPrefixValidChars       = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz_"
)

// ordering constants
const (
	OrderASC  = "ASC"
	OrderDESC = "DESC"
)

var (
	// SupportedProviders defines the supported data providers
	SupportedProviders = []string{SQLiteDataProviderName, PGSQLDataProviderName, MySQLDataProviderName,
		BoltDataProviderName, MemoryDataProviderName}
	// ValidPerms defines all the valid permissions for a user
	ValidPerms = []string{PermAny, PermListItems, PermDownload, PermUpload, PermOverwrite, PermRename, PermDelete,
		PermCreateDirs, PermCreateSymlinks, PermChmod, PermChown, PermChtimes}
	// ValidSSHLoginMethods defines all the valid SSH login methods
	ValidSSHLoginMethods = []string{SSHLoginMethodPublicKey, SSHLoginMethodPassword, SSHLoginMethodKeyboardInteractive,
		SSHLoginMethodKeyAndPassword, SSHLoginMethodKeyAndKeyboardInt}
	// SSHMultiStepsLoginMethods defines the supported Multi-Step Authentications
	SSHMultiStepsLoginMethods = []string{SSHLoginMethodKeyAndPassword, SSHLoginMethodKeyAndKeyboardInt}
	config                    Config
	provider                  Provider
	sqlPlaceholders           []string
	hashPwdPrefixes           = []string{argonPwdPrefix, bcryptPwdPrefix, pbkdf2SHA1Prefix, pbkdf2SHA256Prefix,
		pbkdf2SHA512Prefix, pbkdf2SHA256B64SaltPrefix, md5cryptPwdPrefix, md5cryptApr1PwdPrefix, sha512cryptPwdPrefix}
	pbkdfPwdPrefixes        = []string{pbkdf2SHA1Prefix, pbkdf2SHA256Prefix, pbkdf2SHA512Prefix, pbkdf2SHA256B64SaltPrefix}
	pbkdfPwdB64SaltPrefixes = []string{pbkdf2SHA256B64SaltPrefix}
	unixPwdPrefixes         = []string{md5cryptPwdPrefix, md5cryptApr1PwdPrefix, sha512cryptPwdPrefix}
	logSender               = "dataProvider"
	availabilityTicker      *time.Ticker
	availabilityTickerDone  chan bool
	errWrongPassword        = errors.New("password does not match")
	errNoInitRequired       = errors.New("initialization is not required for this data provider")
	credentialsDirPath      string
	sqlTableUsers           = "users"
	sqlTableFolders         = "folders"
	sqlTableFoldersMapping  = "folders_mapping"
	sqlTableSchemaVersion   = "schema_version"
)

type schemaVersion struct {
	Version int
}

// Actions to execute on user create, update, delete.
// An external command can be executed and/or an HTTP notification can be fired
type Actions struct {
	// Valid values are add, update, delete. Empty slice to disable
	ExecuteOn []string `json:"execute_on" mapstructure:"execute_on"`
	// Deprecated: please use Hook
	Command string `json:"command" mapstructure:"command"`
	// Deprecated: please use Hook
	HTTPNotificationURL string `json:"http_notification_url" mapstructure:"http_notification_url"`
	// Absolute path to an external program or an HTTP URL
	Hook string `json:"hook" mapstructure:"hook"`
}

// Config provider configuration
type Config struct {
	// Driver name, must be one of the SupportedProviders
	Driver string `json:"driver" mapstructure:"driver"`
	// Database name. For driver sqlite this can be the database name relative to the config dir
	// or the absolute path to the SQLite database.
	Name string `json:"name" mapstructure:"name"`
	// Database host
	Host string `json:"host" mapstructure:"host"`
	// Database port
	Port int `json:"port" mapstructure:"port"`
	// Database username
	Username string `json:"username" mapstructure:"username"`
	// Database password
	Password string `json:"password" mapstructure:"password"`
	// Used for drivers mysql and postgresql.
	// 0 disable SSL/TLS connections.
	// 1 require ssl.
	// 2 set ssl mode to verify-ca for driver postgresql and skip-verify for driver mysql.
	// 3 set ssl mode to verify-full for driver postgresql and preferred for driver mysql.
	SSLMode int `json:"sslmode" mapstructure:"sslmode"`
	// Custom database connection string.
	// If not empty this connection string will be used instead of build one using the previous parameters
	ConnectionString string `json:"connection_string" mapstructure:"connection_string"`
	// prefix for SQL tables
	SQLTablesPrefix string `json:"sql_tables_prefix" mapstructure:"sql_tables_prefix"`
	// Set to 0 to disable users management, 1 to enable
	ManageUsers int `json:"manage_users" mapstructure:"manage_users"`
	// Set the preferred way to track users quota between the following choices:
	// 0, disable quota tracking. REST API to scan user dir and update quota will do nothing
	// 1, quota is updated each time a user upload or delete a file even if the user has no quota restrictions
	// 2, quota is updated each time a user upload or delete a file but only for users with quota restrictions
	//    and for virtual folders.
	//    With this configuration the "quota scan" REST API can still be used to periodically update space usage
	//    for users without quota restrictions
	TrackQuota int `json:"track_quota" mapstructure:"track_quota"`
	// Sets the maximum number of open connections for mysql and postgresql driver.
	// Default 0 (unlimited)
	PoolSize int `json:"pool_size" mapstructure:"pool_size"`
	// Users default base directory.
	// If no home dir is defined while adding a new user, and this value is
	// a valid absolute path, then the user home dir will be automatically
	// defined as the path obtained joining the base dir and the username
	UsersBaseDir string `json:"users_base_dir" mapstructure:"users_base_dir"`
	// Actions to execute on user add, update, delete.
	// Update action will not be fired for internal updates such as the last login or the user quota fields.
	Actions Actions `json:"actions" mapstructure:"actions"`
	// Deprecated: please use ExternalAuthHook
	ExternalAuthProgram string `json:"external_auth_program" mapstructure:"external_auth_program"`
	// Absolute path to an external program or an HTTP URL to invoke for users authentication.
	// Leave empty to use builtin authentication.
	// The external program can read the following environment variables to get info about the user trying
	// to authenticate:
	//
	// - SFTPGO_AUTHD_USERNAME
	// - SFTPGO_AUTHD_PASSWORD, not empty for password authentication
	// - SFTPGO_AUTHD_PUBLIC_KEY, not empty for public key authentication
	// - SFTPGO_AUTHD_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE, not empty for keyboard interactive authentication
	//
	// The content of these variables is _not_ quoted. They may contain special characters. They are under the
	// control of a possibly malicious remote user.
	//
	// The program must respond on the standard output with a valid SFTPGo user serialized as JSON if the
	// authentication succeed or a user with an empty username if the authentication fails.
	// If the hook is an HTTP URL then it will be invoked as HTTP POST.
	// The request body will contain a JSON serialized struct with the following fields:
	//
	// - username
	// - password, not empty for password authentication
	// - public_key, not empty for public key authentication
	// - keyboard_interactive, not empty for keyboard interactive authentication
	//
	// If authentication succeed the HTTP response code must be 200 and the response body a valid SFTPGo user
	// serialized as JSON. If the authentication fails the HTTP response code must be != 200 or the response body
	// must be empty.
	//
	// If the authentication succeed the user will be automatically added/updated inside the defined data provider.
	// Actions defined for user added/updated will not be executed in this case.
	// The external hook should check authentication only, if there are login restrictions such as user
	// disabled, expired, login allowed only from specific IP addresses it is enough to populate the matching user
	// fields and these conditions will be checked in the same way as for builtin users.
	// The external auth program must finish within 30 seconds.
	// This method is slower than built-in authentication methods, but it's very flexible as anyone can
	// easily write his own authentication hooks.
	ExternalAuthHook string `json:"external_auth_hook" mapstructure:"external_auth_hook"`
	// ExternalAuthScope defines the scope for the external authentication hook.
	// - 0 means all supported authetication scopes, the external hook will be executed for password,
	//     public key and keyboard interactive authentication
	// - 1 means passwords only
	// - 2 means public keys only
	// - 4 means keyboard interactive only
	// you can combine the scopes, for example 3 means password and public key, 5 password and keyboard
	// interactive and so on
	ExternalAuthScope int `json:"external_auth_scope" mapstructure:"external_auth_scope"`
	// CredentialsPath defines the directory for storing user provided credential files such as
	// Google Cloud Storage credentials. It can be a path relative to the config dir or an
	// absolute path
	CredentialsPath string `json:"credentials_path" mapstructure:"credentials_path"`
	// Deprecated: please use PreLoginHook
	PreLoginProgram string `json:"pre_login_program" mapstructure:"pre_login_program"`
	// Absolute path to an external program or an HTTP URL to invoke just before the user login.
	// This program/URL allows to modify or create the user trying to login.
	// It is useful if you have users with dynamic fields to update just before the login.
	// The external program can read the following environment variables:
	//
	// - SFTPGO_LOGIND_USER, it contains the user trying to login serialized as JSON
	// - SFTPGO_LOGIND_METHOD, possible values are: "password", "publickey" and "keyboard-interactive"
	//
	// The program must write on its standard output an empty string if no user update is needed
	// or a valid SFTPGo user serialized as JSON.
	//
	// If the hook is an HTTP URL then it will be invoked as HTTP POST.
	// The login method is added to the query string, for example "<http_url>?login_method=password".
	// The request body will contain the user trying to login serialized as JSON.
	// If no modification is needed the HTTP response code must be 204, otherwise the response code
	// must be 200 and the response body a valid SFTPGo user serialized as JSON.
	//
	// The JSON response can include only the fields to update instead of the full user,
	// for example if you want to disable the user you can return a response like this:
	//
	// {"status":0}
	//
	// Please note that if you want to create a new user, the pre-login hook response must
	// include all the mandatory user fields.
	//
	// The pre-login hook must finish within 30 seconds.
	//
	// If an error happens while executing the "PreLoginHook" then login will be denied.
	// PreLoginHook and ExternalAuthHook are mutally exclusive.
	// Leave empty to disable.
	PreLoginHook string `json:"pre_login_hook" mapstructure:"pre_login_hook"`
}

// BackupData defines the structure for the backup/restore files
type BackupData struct {
	Users   []User                  `json:"users"`
	Folders []vfs.BaseVirtualFolder `json:"folders"`
}

type keyboardAuthHookRequest struct {
	RequestID string   `json:"request_id"`
	Username  string   `json:"username,omitempty"`
	Password  string   `json:"password,omitempty"`
	Answers   []string `json:"answers,omitempty"`
	Questions []string `json:"questions,omitempty"`
}

type keyboardAuthHookResponse struct {
	Instruction string   `json:"instruction"`
	Questions   []string `json:"questions"`
	Echos       []bool   `json:"echos"`
	AuthResult  int      `json:"auth_result"`
	CheckPwd    int      `json:"check_password"`
}

type virtualFoldersCompact struct {
	VirtualPath      string `json:"virtual_path"`
	MappedPath       string `json:"mapped_path"`
	ExcludeFromQuota bool   `json:"exclude_from_quota"`
}

type userCompactVFolders struct {
	ID             int64                   `json:"id"`
	Username       string                  `json:"username"`
	VirtualFolders []virtualFoldersCompact `json:"virtual_folders"`
}

// ValidationError raised if input data is not valid
type ValidationError struct {
	err string
}

// Validation error details
func (e *ValidationError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("Validation error: %s", e.err)
}

// MethodDisabledError raised if a method is disabled in config file.
// For example, if user management is disabled, this error is raised
// every time a user operation is done using the REST API
type MethodDisabledError struct {
	err string
}

// Method disabled error details
func (e *MethodDisabledError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("Method disabled error: %s", e.err)
}

// RecordNotFoundError raised if a requested user is not found
type RecordNotFoundError struct {
	err string
}

func (e *RecordNotFoundError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("Not found: %s", e.err)
}

// GetProvider returns the configured provider
func GetProvider() Provider {
	return provider
}

// GetQuotaTracking returns the configured mode for user's quota tracking
func GetQuotaTracking() int {
	return config.TrackQuota
}

// Provider defines the interface that data providers must implement.
type Provider interface {
	validateUserAndPass(username string, password string) (User, error)
	validateUserAndPubKey(username string, pubKey []byte) (User, string, error)
	updateQuota(username string, filesAdd int, sizeAdd int64, reset bool) error
	getUsedQuota(username string) (int, int64, error)
	userExists(username string) (User, error)
	addUser(user User) error
	updateUser(user User) error
	deleteUser(user User) error
	getUsers(limit int, offset int, order string, username string) ([]User, error)
	dumpUsers() ([]User, error)
	getUserByID(ID int64) (User, error)
	updateLastLogin(username string) error
	getFolders(limit, offset int, order, folderPath string) ([]vfs.BaseVirtualFolder, error)
	getFolderByPath(mappedPath string) (vfs.BaseVirtualFolder, error)
	addFolder(folder vfs.BaseVirtualFolder) error
	deleteFolder(folder vfs.BaseVirtualFolder) error
	updateFolderQuota(mappedPath string, filesAdd int, sizeAdd int64, reset bool) error
	getUsedFolderQuota(mappedPath string) (int, int64, error)
	dumpFolders() ([]vfs.BaseVirtualFolder, error)
	checkAvailability() error
	close() error
	reloadConfig() error
	initializeDatabase() error
	migrateDatabase() error
}

func init() {
	availabilityTicker = time.NewTicker(30 * time.Second)
}

// Initialize the data provider.
// An error is returned if the configured driver is invalid or if the data provider cannot be initialized
func Initialize(cnf Config, basePath string) error {
	var err error
	config = cnf

	if err = validateHooks(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err = validateCredentialsDir(basePath); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	err = createProvider(basePath)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	err = provider.migrateDatabase()
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "database migration error: %v", err)
		return err
	}
	startAvailabilityTimer()
	return nil
}

func validateHooks() error {
	if len(config.PreLoginHook) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(config.PreLoginHook, "http") {
		if !filepath.IsAbs(config.PreLoginHook) {
			return fmt.Errorf("invalid pre-login hook: %#v must be an absolute path", config.PreLoginHook)
		}
		_, err := os.Stat(config.PreLoginHook)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "invalid pre-login hook: %v", err)
			return err
		}
	}
	if len(config.ExternalAuthHook) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(config.ExternalAuthHook, "http") {
		if !filepath.IsAbs(config.ExternalAuthHook) {
			return fmt.Errorf("invalid external auth hook: %#v must be an absolute path", config.ExternalAuthHook)
		}
		_, err := os.Stat(config.ExternalAuthHook)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "invalid external auth hook: %v", err)
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func validateSQLTablesPrefix() error {
	if len(config.SQLTablesPrefix) > 0 {
		for _, char := range config.SQLTablesPrefix {
			if !strings.Contains(sqlPrefixValidChars, strings.ToLower(string(char))) {
				return errors.New("Invalid sql_tables_prefix only chars in range 'a..z', 'A..Z' and '_' are allowed")
			}
		}
		sqlTableUsers = config.SQLTablesPrefix + sqlTableUsers
		sqlTableFolders = config.SQLTablesPrefix + sqlTableFolders
		sqlTableFoldersMapping = config.SQLTablesPrefix + sqlTableFoldersMapping
		sqlTableSchemaVersion = config.SQLTablesPrefix + sqlTableSchemaVersion
		providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "sql table for users %#v, folders %#v folders mapping %#v schema version %#v",
			sqlTableUsers, sqlTableFolders, sqlTableFoldersMapping, sqlTableSchemaVersion)
	}
	return nil
}

// InitializeDatabase creates the initial database structure
func InitializeDatabase(cnf Config, basePath string) error {
	config = cnf

	if config.Driver == BoltDataProviderName || config.Driver == MemoryDataProviderName {
		return errNoInitRequired
	}
	err := createProvider(basePath)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return provider.initializeDatabase()
}

// CheckUserAndPass retrieves the SFTP user with the given username and password if a match is found or an error
func CheckUserAndPass(p Provider, username string, password string) (User, error) {
	if len(config.ExternalAuthHook) > 0 && (config.ExternalAuthScope == 0 || config.ExternalAuthScope&1 != 0) {
		user, err := doExternalAuth(username, password, nil, "")
		if err != nil {
			return user, err
		}
		return checkUserAndPass(user, password)
	}
	if len(config.PreLoginHook) > 0 {
		user, err := executePreLoginHook(username, SSHLoginMethodPassword)
		if err != nil {
			return user, err
		}
		return checkUserAndPass(user, password)
	}
	return p.validateUserAndPass(username, password)
}

// CheckUserAndPubKey retrieves the SFTP user with the given username and public key if a match is found or an error
func CheckUserAndPubKey(p Provider, username string, pubKey []byte) (User, string, error) {
	if len(config.ExternalAuthHook) > 0 && (config.ExternalAuthScope == 0 || config.ExternalAuthScope&2 != 0) {
		user, err := doExternalAuth(username, "", pubKey, "")
		if err != nil {
			return user, "", err
		}
		return checkUserAndPubKey(user, pubKey)
	}
	if len(config.PreLoginHook) > 0 {
		user, err := executePreLoginHook(username, SSHLoginMethodPublicKey)
		if err != nil {
			return user, "", err
		}
		return checkUserAndPubKey(user, pubKey)
	}
	return p.validateUserAndPubKey(username, pubKey)
}

// CheckKeyboardInteractiveAuth checks the keyboard interactive authentication and returns
// the authenticated user or an error
func CheckKeyboardInteractiveAuth(p Provider, username, authHook string, client ssh.KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) (User, error) {
	var user User
	var err error
	if len(config.ExternalAuthHook) > 0 && (config.ExternalAuthScope == 0 || config.ExternalAuthScope&4 != 0) {
		user, err = doExternalAuth(username, "", nil, "1")
	} else if len(config.PreLoginHook) > 0 {
		user, err = executePreLoginHook(username, SSHLoginMethodKeyboardInteractive)
	} else {
		user, err = p.userExists(username)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return user, err
	}
	return doKeyboardInteractiveAuth(user, authHook, client)
}

// UpdateLastLogin updates the last login fields for the given SFTP user
func UpdateLastLogin(p Provider, user User) error {
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	return p.updateLastLogin(user.Username)
}

// UpdateUserQuota updates the quota for the given SFTP user adding filesAdd and sizeAdd.
// If reset is true filesAdd and sizeAdd indicates the total files and the total size instead of the difference.
func UpdateUserQuota(p Provider, user User, filesAdd int, sizeAdd int64, reset bool) error {
	if config.TrackQuota == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: trackQuotaDisabledError}
	} else if config.TrackQuota == 2 && !reset && !user.HasQuotaRestrictions() {
		return nil
	}
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	return p.updateQuota(user.Username, filesAdd, sizeAdd, reset)
}

// UpdateVirtualFolderQuota updates the quota for the given virtual folder adding filesAdd and sizeAdd.
// If reset is true filesAdd and sizeAdd indicates the total files and the total size instead of the difference.
func UpdateVirtualFolderQuota(p Provider, vfolder vfs.BaseVirtualFolder, filesAdd int, sizeAdd int64, reset bool) error {
	if config.TrackQuota == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: trackQuotaDisabledError}
	}
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	return p.updateFolderQuota(vfolder.MappedPath, filesAdd, sizeAdd, reset)
}

// GetUsedQuota returns the used quota for the given SFTP user.
func GetUsedQuota(p Provider, username string) (int, int64, error) {
	if config.TrackQuota == 0 {
		return 0, 0, &MethodDisabledError{err: trackQuotaDisabledError}
	}
	return p.getUsedQuota(username)
}

// GetUsedVirtualFolderQuota returns the used quota for the given virtual folder.
func GetUsedVirtualFolderQuota(p Provider, mappedPath string) (int, int64, error) {
	if config.TrackQuota == 0 {
		return 0, 0, &MethodDisabledError{err: trackQuotaDisabledError}
	}
	return p.getUsedFolderQuota(mappedPath)
}

// UserExists checks if the given SFTP username exists, returns an error if no match is found
func UserExists(p Provider, username string) (User, error) {
	return p.userExists(username)
}

// AddUser adds a new SFTP user.
// ManageUsers configuration must be set to 1 to enable this method
func AddUser(p Provider, user User) error {
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	err := p.addUser(user)
	if err == nil {
		go executeAction(operationAdd, user)
	}
	return err
}

// UpdateUser updates an existing SFTP user.
// ManageUsers configuration must be set to 1 to enable this method
func UpdateUser(p Provider, user User) error {
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	err := p.updateUser(user)
	if err == nil {
		go executeAction(operationUpdate, user)
	}
	return err
}

// DeleteUser deletes an existing SFTP user.
// ManageUsers configuration must be set to 1 to enable this method
func DeleteUser(p Provider, user User) error {
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	err := p.deleteUser(user)
	if err == nil {
		go executeAction(operationDelete, user)
	}
	return err
}

// ReloadConfig reloads provider configuration.
// Currently only implemented for memory provider, allows to reload the users
// from the configured file, if defined
func ReloadConfig() error {
	return provider.reloadConfig()
}

// GetUsers returns an array of users respecting limit and offset and filtered by username exact match if not empty
func GetUsers(p Provider, limit, offset int, order string, username string) ([]User, error) {
	return p.getUsers(limit, offset, order, username)
}

// GetUserByID returns the user with the given database ID if a match is found or an error
func GetUserByID(p Provider, ID int64) (User, error) {
	return p.getUserByID(ID)
}

// AddFolder adds a new virtual folder.
// ManageUsers configuration must be set to 1 to enable this method
func AddFolder(p Provider, folder vfs.BaseVirtualFolder) error {
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	return p.addFolder(folder)
}

// DeleteFolder deletes an existing folder.
// ManageUsers configuration must be set to 1 to enable this method
func DeleteFolder(p Provider, folder vfs.BaseVirtualFolder) error {
	if config.ManageUsers == 0 {
		return &MethodDisabledError{err: manageUsersDisabledError}
	}
	return p.deleteFolder(folder)
}

// GetFolderByPath returns the folder with the specified path if any
func GetFolderByPath(p Provider, mappedPath string) (vfs.BaseVirtualFolder, error) {
	return p.getFolderByPath(mappedPath)
}

// GetFolders returns an array of folders respecting limit and offset
func GetFolders(p Provider, limit, offset int, order, folderPath string) ([]vfs.BaseVirtualFolder, error) {
	return p.getFolders(limit, offset, order, folderPath)
}

// DumpData returns all users and folders
func DumpData(p Provider) (BackupData, error) {
	var data BackupData
	users, err := p.dumpUsers()
	if err != nil {
		return data, err
	}
	folders, err := p.dumpFolders()
	if err != nil {
		return data, err
	}
	data.Users = users
	data.Folders = folders
	return data, err
}

// GetProviderStatus returns an error if the provider is not available
func GetProviderStatus(p Provider) error {
	return p.checkAvailability()
}

// Close releases all provider resources.
// This method is used in test cases.
// Closing an uninitialized provider is not supported
func Close(p Provider) error {
	availabilityTicker.Stop()
	availabilityTickerDone <- true
	return p.close()
}

func createProvider(basePath string) error {
	var err error
	sqlPlaceholders = getSQLPlaceholders()
	if err = validateSQLTablesPrefix(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if config.Driver == SQLiteDataProviderName {
		err = initializeSQLiteProvider(basePath)
	} else if config.Driver == PGSQLDataProviderName {
		err = initializePGSQLProvider()
	} else if config.Driver == MySQLDataProviderName {
		err = initializeMySQLProvider()
	} else if config.Driver == BoltDataProviderName {
		err = initializeBoltProvider(basePath)
	} else if config.Driver == MemoryDataProviderName {
		err = initializeMemoryProvider(basePath)
	} else {
		err = fmt.Errorf("unsupported data provider: %v", config.Driver)
	}
	return err
}

func buildUserHomeDir(user *User) {
	if len(user.HomeDir) == 0 {
		if len(config.UsersBaseDir) > 0 {
			user.HomeDir = filepath.Join(config.UsersBaseDir, user.Username)
		}
	}
}

func isVirtualDirOverlapped(dir1, dir2 string) bool {
	if dir1 == dir2 {
		return true
	}
	if len(dir1) > len(dir2) {
		if strings.HasPrefix(dir1, dir2+"/") {
			return true
		}
	}
	if len(dir2) > len(dir1) {
		if strings.HasPrefix(dir2, dir1+"/") {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func isMappedDirOverlapped(dir1, dir2 string) bool {
	if dir1 == dir2 {
		return true
	}
	if len(dir1) > len(dir2) {
		if strings.HasPrefix(dir1, dir2+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
			return true
		}
	}
	if len(dir2) > len(dir1) {
		if strings.HasPrefix(dir2, dir1+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func validateFolderQuotaLimits(folder vfs.VirtualFolder) error {
	if folder.QuotaSize < -1 {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid quota_size: %v folder path %#v", folder.QuotaSize, folder.MappedPath)}
	}
	if folder.QuotaFiles < -1 {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid quota_file: %v folder path %#v", folder.QuotaSize, folder.MappedPath)}
	}
	if (folder.QuotaSize == -1 && folder.QuotaFiles != -1) || (folder.QuotaFiles == -1 && folder.QuotaSize != -1) {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("virtual folder quota_size and quota_files must be both -1 or >= 0, quota_size: %v quota_files: %v",
			folder.QuotaFiles, folder.QuotaSize)}
	}
	return nil
}

func validateUserVirtualFolders(user *User) error {
	if len(user.VirtualFolders) == 0 || user.FsConfig.Provider != 0 {
		user.VirtualFolders = []vfs.VirtualFolder{}
		return nil
	}
	var virtualFolders []vfs.VirtualFolder
	mappedPaths := make(map[string]string)
	for _, v := range user.VirtualFolders {
		cleanedVPath := filepath.ToSlash(path.Clean(v.VirtualPath))
		if !path.IsAbs(cleanedVPath) || cleanedVPath == "/" {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid virtual folder %#v", v.VirtualPath)}
		}
		if err := validateFolderQuotaLimits(v); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		cleanedMPath := filepath.Clean(v.MappedPath)
		if !filepath.IsAbs(cleanedMPath) {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid mapped folder %#v", v.MappedPath)}
		}
		if isMappedDirOverlapped(cleanedMPath, user.GetHomeDir()) {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid mapped folder %#v cannot be inside or contain the user home dir %#v",
				v.MappedPath, user.GetHomeDir())}
		}
		virtualFolders = append(virtualFolders, vfs.VirtualFolder{
			BaseVirtualFolder: vfs.BaseVirtualFolder{
				MappedPath: cleanedMPath,
			},
			VirtualPath: cleanedVPath,
			QuotaSize:   v.QuotaSize,
			QuotaFiles:  v.QuotaFiles,
		})
		for k, virtual := range mappedPaths {
			if isMappedDirOverlapped(k, cleanedMPath) {
				return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid mapped folder %#v overlaps with mapped folder %#v",
					v.MappedPath, k)}
			}
			if isVirtualDirOverlapped(virtual, cleanedVPath) {
				return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid virtual folder %#v overlaps with virtual folder %#v",
					v.VirtualPath, virtual)}
			}
		}
		mappedPaths[cleanedMPath] = cleanedVPath
	}
	user.VirtualFolders = virtualFolders
	return nil
}

func validatePermissions(user *User) error {
	if len(user.Permissions) == 0 {
		return &ValidationError{err: "please grant some permissions to this user"}
	}
	permissions := make(map[string][]string)
	if _, ok := user.Permissions["/"]; !ok {
		return &ValidationError{err: "permissions for the root dir \"/\" must be set"}
	}
	for dir, perms := range user.Permissions {
		if len(perms) == 0 && dir == "/" {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("no permissions granted for the directory: %#v", dir)}
		}
		if len(perms) > len(ValidPerms) {
			return &ValidationError{err: "invalid permissions"}
		}
		for _, p := range perms {
			if !utils.IsStringInSlice(p, ValidPerms) {
				return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid permission: %#v", p)}
			}
		}
		cleanedDir := filepath.ToSlash(path.Clean(dir))
		if cleanedDir != "/" {
			cleanedDir = strings.TrimSuffix(cleanedDir, "/")
		}
		if !path.IsAbs(cleanedDir) {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("cannot set permissions for non absolute path: %#v", dir)}
		}
		if dir != cleanedDir && cleanedDir == "/" {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("cannot set permissions for invalid subdirectory: %#v is an alias for \"/\"", dir)}
		}
		if utils.IsStringInSlice(PermAny, perms) {
			permissions[cleanedDir] = []string{PermAny}
		} else {
			permissions[cleanedDir] = perms
		}
	}
	user.Permissions = permissions
	return nil
}

func validatePublicKeys(user *User) error {
	if len(user.PublicKeys) == 0 {
		user.PublicKeys = []string{}
	}
	for i, k := range user.PublicKeys {
		_, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(k))
		if err != nil {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not parse key nr. %d: %s", i, err)}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func validateFiltersFileExtensions(user *User) error {
	if len(user.Filters.FileExtensions) == 0 {
		user.Filters.FileExtensions = []ExtensionsFilter{}
		return nil
	}
	filteredPaths := []string{}
	var filters []ExtensionsFilter
	for _, f := range user.Filters.FileExtensions {
		cleanedPath := filepath.ToSlash(path.Clean(f.Path))
		if !path.IsAbs(cleanedPath) {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid path %#v for file extensions filter", f.Path)}
		}
		if utils.IsStringInSlice(cleanedPath, filteredPaths) {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("duplicate file extensions filter for path %#v", f.Path)}
		}
		if len(f.AllowedExtensions) == 0 && len(f.DeniedExtensions) == 0 {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("empty file extensions filter for path %#v", f.Path)}
		}
		f.Path = cleanedPath
		filters = append(filters, f)
		filteredPaths = append(filteredPaths, cleanedPath)
	}
	user.Filters.FileExtensions = filters
	return nil
}

func validateFilters(user *User) error {
	if len(user.Filters.AllowedIP) == 0 {
		user.Filters.AllowedIP = []string{}
	}
	if len(user.Filters.DeniedIP) == 0 {
		user.Filters.DeniedIP = []string{}
	}
	if len(user.Filters.DeniedLoginMethods) == 0 {
		user.Filters.DeniedLoginMethods = []string{}
	}
	for _, IPMask := range user.Filters.DeniedIP {
		_, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(IPMask)
		if err != nil {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not parse denied IP/Mask %#v : %v", IPMask, err)}
		}
	}
	for _, IPMask := range user.Filters.AllowedIP {
		_, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(IPMask)
		if err != nil {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not parse allowed IP/Mask %#v : %v", IPMask, err)}
		}
	}
	if len(user.Filters.DeniedLoginMethods) >= len(ValidSSHLoginMethods) {
		return &ValidationError{err: "invalid denied_login_methods"}
	}
	for _, loginMethod := range user.Filters.DeniedLoginMethods {
		if !utils.IsStringInSlice(loginMethod, ValidSSHLoginMethods) {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid login method: %#v", loginMethod)}
		}
	}
	if err := validateFiltersFileExtensions(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func saveGCSCredentials(user *User) error {
	if user.FsConfig.Provider != 2 {
		return nil
	}
	if len(user.FsConfig.GCSConfig.Credentials) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(user.FsConfig.GCSConfig.Credentials)
	if err != nil {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not validate GCS credentials: %v", err)}
	}
	err = ioutil.WriteFile(user.getGCSCredentialsFilePath(), decoded, 0600)
	if err != nil {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not save GCS credentials: %v", err)}
	}
	user.FsConfig.GCSConfig.Credentials = ""
	return nil
}

func validateFilesystemConfig(user *User) error {
	if user.FsConfig.Provider == 1 {
		err := vfs.ValidateS3FsConfig(&user.FsConfig.S3Config)
		if err != nil {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not validate s3config: %v", err)}
		}
		if len(user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret) > 0 {
			vals := strings.Split(user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret, "$")
			if !strings.HasPrefix(user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret, "$aes$") || len(vals) != 4 {
				accessSecret, err := utils.EncryptData(user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret)
				if err != nil {
					return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not encrypt s3 access secret: %v", err)}
				}
				user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret = accessSecret
			}
		}
		return nil
	} else if user.FsConfig.Provider == 2 {
		err := vfs.ValidateGCSFsConfig(&user.FsConfig.GCSConfig, user.getGCSCredentialsFilePath())
		if err != nil {
			return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("could not validate GCS config: %v", err)}
		}
		return nil
	}
	user.FsConfig.Provider = 0
	user.FsConfig.S3Config = vfs.S3FsConfig{}
	user.FsConfig.GCSConfig = vfs.GCSFsConfig{}
	return nil
}

func validateBaseParams(user *User) error {
	if len(user.Username) == 0 || len(user.HomeDir) == 0 {
		return &ValidationError{err: "mandatory parameters missing"}
	}
	if len(user.Password) == 0 && len(user.PublicKeys) == 0 {
		return &ValidationError{err: "please set a password or at least a public_key"}
	}
	if !filepath.IsAbs(user.HomeDir) {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("home_dir must be an absolute path, actual value: %v", user.HomeDir)}
	}
	return nil
}

func createUserPasswordHash(user *User) error {
	if len(user.Password) > 0 && !utils.IsStringPrefixInSlice(user.Password, hashPwdPrefixes) {
		pwd, err := argon2id.CreateHash(user.Password, argon2id.DefaultParams)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		user.Password = pwd
	}
	return nil
}

func validateFolder(folder *vfs.BaseVirtualFolder) error {
	cleanedMPath := filepath.Clean(folder.MappedPath)
	if !filepath.IsAbs(cleanedMPath) {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid mapped folder %#v", folder.MappedPath)}
	}
	folder.MappedPath = cleanedMPath
	return nil
}

func validateUser(user *User) error {
	buildUserHomeDir(user)
	if err := validateBaseParams(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := validatePermissions(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := validateFilesystemConfig(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := validateUserVirtualFolders(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if user.Status < 0 || user.Status > 1 {
		return &ValidationError{err: fmt.Sprintf("invalid user status: %v", user.Status)}
	}
	if err := createUserPasswordHash(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := validatePublicKeys(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := validateFilters(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := saveGCSCredentials(user); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func checkLoginConditions(user User) error {
	if user.Status < 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("user %#v is disabled", user.Username)
	}
	if user.ExpirationDate > 0 && user.ExpirationDate < utils.GetTimeAsMsSinceEpoch(time.Now()) {
		return fmt.Errorf("user %#v is expired, expiration timestamp: %v current timestamp: %v", user.Username,
			user.ExpirationDate, utils.GetTimeAsMsSinceEpoch(time.Now()))
	}
	return nil
}

func checkUserAndPass(user User, password string) (User, error) {
	err := checkLoginConditions(user)
	if err != nil {
		return user, err
	}
	if len(user.Password) == 0 {
		return user, errors.New("Credentials cannot be null or empty")
	}
	match := false
	if strings.HasPrefix(user.Password, argonPwdPrefix) {
		match, err = argon2id.ComparePasswordAndHash(password, user.Password)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error comparing password with argon hash: %v", err)
			return user, err
		}
	} else if strings.HasPrefix(user.Password, bcryptPwdPrefix) {
		if err = bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(user.Password), []byte(password)); err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error comparing password with bcrypt hash: %v", err)
			return user, err
		}
		match = true
	} else if utils.IsStringPrefixInSlice(user.Password, pbkdfPwdPrefixes) {
		match, err = comparePbkdf2PasswordAndHash(password, user.Password)
		if err != nil {
			return user, err
		}
	} else if utils.IsStringPrefixInSlice(user.Password, unixPwdPrefixes) {
		match, err = compareUnixPasswordAndHash(user, password)
		if err != nil {
			return user, err
		}
	}
	if !match {
		err = errors.New("Invalid credentials")
	}
	return user, err
}

func checkUserAndPubKey(user User, pubKey []byte) (User, string, error) {
	err := checkLoginConditions(user)
	if err != nil {
		return user, "", err
	}
	if len(user.PublicKeys) == 0 {
		return user, "", errors.New("Invalid credentials")
	}
	for i, k := range user.PublicKeys {
		storedPubKey, comment, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(k))
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error parsing stored public key %d for user %v: %v", i, user.Username, err)
			return user, "", err
		}
		if bytes.Equal(storedPubKey.Marshal(), pubKey) {
			certInfo := ""
			cert, ok := storedPubKey.(*ssh.Certificate)
			if ok {
				certInfo = fmt.Sprintf(" %v ID: %v Serial: %v CA: %v", cert.Type(), cert.KeyId, cert.Serial,
					ssh.FingerprintSHA256(cert.SignatureKey))
			}
			return user, fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v%v", ssh.FingerprintSHA256(storedPubKey), comment, certInfo), nil
		}
	}
	return user, "", errors.New("Invalid credentials")
}

func compareUnixPasswordAndHash(user User, password string) (bool, error) {
	match := false
	var err error
	if strings.HasPrefix(user.Password, sha512cryptPwdPrefix) {
		crypter, ok := unixcrypt.SHA512.CrypterFound(user.Password)
		if !ok {
			err = errors.New("cannot found matching SHA512 crypter")
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error comparing password with SHA512 crypt hash: %v", err)
			return match, err
		}
		if !crypter.Verify([]byte(password)) {
			return match, errWrongPassword
		}
		match = true
	} else if strings.HasPrefix(user.Password, md5cryptPwdPrefix) || strings.HasPrefix(user.Password, md5cryptApr1PwdPrefix) {
		crypter, ok := unixcrypt.MD5.CrypterFound(user.Password)
		if !ok {
			err = errors.New("cannot found matching MD5 crypter")
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error comparing password with MD5 crypt hash: %v", err)
			return match, err
		}
		if !crypter.Verify([]byte(password)) {
			return match, errWrongPassword
		}
		match = true
	} else {
		err = errors.New("unix crypt: invalid or unsupported hash format")
	}
	return match, err
}

func comparePbkdf2PasswordAndHash(password, hashedPassword string) (bool, error) {
	vals := strings.Split(hashedPassword, "$")
	if len(vals) != 5 {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("pbkdf2: hash is not in the correct format")
	}
	iterations, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[2])
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	expected, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(vals[4])
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	var salt []byte
	if utils.IsStringPrefixInSlice(hashedPassword, pbkdfPwdB64SaltPrefixes) {
		salt, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(vals[3])
		if err != nil {
			return false, err
		}
	} else {
		salt = []byte(vals[3])
	}
	var hashFunc func() hash.Hash
	if strings.HasPrefix(hashedPassword, pbkdf2SHA256Prefix) || strings.HasPrefix(hashedPassword, pbkdf2SHA256B64SaltPrefix) {
		hashFunc = sha256.New
	} else if strings.HasPrefix(hashedPassword, pbkdf2SHA512Prefix) {
		hashFunc = sha512.New
	} else if strings.HasPrefix(hashedPassword, pbkdf2SHA1Prefix) {
		hashFunc = sha1.New
	} else {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("pbkdf2: invalid or unsupported hash format %v", vals[1])
	}
	df := pbkdf2.Key([]byte(password), salt, iterations, len(expected), hashFunc)
	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(df, expected) == 1, nil
}

// HideUserSensitiveData hides user sensitive data
func HideUserSensitiveData(user *User) User {
	user.Password = ""
	if user.FsConfig.Provider == 1 {
		user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret = utils.RemoveDecryptionKey(user.FsConfig.S3Config.AccessSecret)
	} else if user.FsConfig.Provider == 2 {
		user.FsConfig.GCSConfig.Credentials = ""
	}
	return *user
}

func addCredentialsToUser(user *User) error {
	if user.FsConfig.Provider != 2 {
		return nil
	}
	if user.FsConfig.GCSConfig.AutomaticCredentials > 0 {
		return nil
	}
	cred, err := ioutil.ReadFile(user.getGCSCredentialsFilePath())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	user.FsConfig.GCSConfig.Credentials = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cred)
	return nil
}

func getSSLMode() string {
	if config.Driver == PGSQLDataProviderName {
		if config.SSLMode == 0 {
			return "disable"
		} else if config.SSLMode == 1 {
			return "require"
		} else if config.SSLMode == 2 {
			return "verify-ca"
		} else if config.SSLMode == 3 {
			return "verify-full"
		}
	} else if config.Driver == MySQLDataProviderName {
		if config.SSLMode == 0 {
			return "false"
		} else if config.SSLMode == 1 {
			return "true"
		} else if config.SSLMode == 2 {
			return "skip-verify"
		} else if config.SSLMode == 3 {
			return "preferred"
		}
	}
	return ""
}

func startAvailabilityTimer() {
	availabilityTickerDone = make(chan bool)
	checkDataprovider()
	go func() {
		for {
			select {
			case <-availabilityTickerDone:
				return
			case <-availabilityTicker.C:
				checkDataprovider()
			}
		}
	}()
}

func validateCredentialsDir(basePath string) error {
	if filepath.IsAbs(config.CredentialsPath) {
		credentialsDirPath = config.CredentialsPath
	} else {
		credentialsDirPath = filepath.Join(basePath, config.CredentialsPath)
	}
	fi, err := os.Stat(credentialsDirPath)
	if err == nil {
		if !fi.IsDir() {
			return errors.New("Credential path is not a valid directory")
		}
		return nil
	}
	if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return err
	}
	return os.MkdirAll(credentialsDirPath, 0700)
}

func checkDataprovider() {
	err := provider.checkAvailability()
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "check availability error: %v", err)
	}
	metrics.UpdateDataProviderAvailability(err)
}

func terminateInteractiveAuthProgram(cmd *exec.Cmd, isFinished bool) {
	if isFinished {
		return
	}
	providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "kill interactive auth program after an unexpected error")
	err := cmd.Process.Kill()
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "error killing interactive auth program: %v", err)
	}
}

func validateKeyboardAuthResponse(response keyboardAuthHookResponse) error {
	if len(response.Questions) == 0 {
		err := errors.New("interactive auth error: hook response does not contain questions")
		providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "%v", err)
		return err
	}
	if len(response.Questions) != len(response.Echos) {
		err := fmt.Errorf("interactive auth error, http hook response questions don't match echos: %v %v",
			len(response.Questions), len(response.Echos))
		providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "%v", err)
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func sendKeyboardAuthHTTPReq(url *url.URL, request keyboardAuthHookRequest) (keyboardAuthHookResponse, error) {
	var response keyboardAuthHookResponse
	httpClient := httpclient.GetHTTPClient()
	reqAsJSON, err := json.Marshal(request)
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error serializing keyboard interactive auth request: %v", err)
		return response, err
	}
	resp, err := httpClient.Post(url.String(), "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(reqAsJSON))
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error getting keyboard interactive auth hook HTTP response: %v", err)
		return response, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return response, fmt.Errorf("wrong keyboard interactive auth http status code: %v, expected 200", resp.StatusCode)
	}
	err = render.DecodeJSON(resp.Body, &response)
	return response, err
}

func executeKeyboardInteractiveHTTPHook(user User, authHook string, client ssh.KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) (int, error) {
	authResult := 0
	var url *url.URL
	url, err := url.Parse(authHook)
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "invalid url for keyboard interactive hook %#v, error: %v", authHook, err)
		return authResult, err
	}
	requestID := xid.New().String()
	req := keyboardAuthHookRequest{
		Username:  user.Username,
		Password:  user.Password,
		RequestID: requestID,
	}
	var response keyboardAuthHookResponse
	for {
		response, err = sendKeyboardAuthHTTPReq(url, req)
		if err != nil {
			return authResult, err
		}
		if response.AuthResult != 0 {
			return response.AuthResult, err
		}
		if err = validateKeyboardAuthResponse(response); err != nil {
			return authResult, err
		}
		answers, err := getKeyboardInteractiveAnswers(client, response, user)
		if err != nil {
			return authResult, err
		}
		req = keyboardAuthHookRequest{
			RequestID: requestID,
			Username:  user.Username,
			Password:  user.Password,
			Answers:   answers,
			Questions: response.Questions,
		}
	}
}

func getKeyboardInteractiveAnswers(client ssh.KeyboardInteractiveChallenge, response keyboardAuthHookResponse,
	user User) ([]string, error) {
	questions := response.Questions
	answers, err := client(user.Username, response.Instruction, questions, response.Echos)
	if err != nil {
		providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "error getting interactive auth client response: %v", err)
		return answers, err
	}
	if len(answers) != len(questions) {
		err = fmt.Errorf("client answers does not match questions, expected: %v actual: %v", questions, answers)
		providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "keyboard interactive auth error: %v", err)
		return answers, err
	}
	if len(answers) == 1 && response.CheckPwd > 0 {
		_, err = checkUserAndPass(user, answers[0])
		providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "interactive auth hook requested password validation for user %#v, validation error: %v",
			user.Username, err)
		if err != nil {
			return answers, err
		}
		answers[0] = "OK"
	}
	return answers, err
}

func handleProgramInteractiveQuestions(client ssh.KeyboardInteractiveChallenge, response keyboardAuthHookResponse,
	user User, stdin io.WriteCloser) error {
	answers, err := getKeyboardInteractiveAnswers(client, response, user)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, answer := range answers {
		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
			answer += "\r"
		}
		answer += "\n"
		_, err = stdin.Write([]byte(answer))
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelError, "unable to write client answer to keyboard interactive program: %v", err)
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func executeKeyboardInteractiveProgram(user User, authHook string, client ssh.KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) (int, error) {
	authResult := 0
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 60*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, authHook)
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_AUTHD_USERNAME=%v", user.Username),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_AUTHD_PASSWORD=%v", user.Password))
	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return authResult, err
	}
	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return authResult, err
	}
	err = cmd.Start()
	if err != nil {
		return authResult, err
	}
	var once sync.Once
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout)
	for scanner.Scan() {
		var response keyboardAuthHookResponse
		err = json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &response)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelInfo, "interactive auth error parsing response: %v", err)
			once.Do(func() { terminateInteractiveAuthProgram(cmd, false) })
			break
		}
		if response.AuthResult != 0 {
			authResult = response.AuthResult
			break
		}
		if err = validateKeyboardAuthResponse(response); err != nil {
			once.Do(func() { terminateInteractiveAuthProgram(cmd, false) })
			break
		}
		go func() {
			err := handleProgramInteractiveQuestions(client, response, user, stdin)
			if err != nil {
				once.Do(func() { terminateInteractiveAuthProgram(cmd, false) })
			}
		}()
	}
	stdin.Close()
	once.Do(func() { terminateInteractiveAuthProgram(cmd, true) })
	go func() {
		_, err := cmd.Process.Wait()
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error waiting for #%v process to exit: %v", authHook, err)
		}
	}()

	return authResult, err
}

func doKeyboardInteractiveAuth(user User, authHook string, client ssh.KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) (User, error) {
	var authResult int
	var err error
	if strings.HasPrefix(authHook, "http") {
		authResult, err = executeKeyboardInteractiveHTTPHook(user, authHook, client)
	} else {
		authResult, err = executeKeyboardInteractiveProgram(user, authHook, client)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return user, err
	}
	if authResult != 1 {
		return user, fmt.Errorf("keyboard interactive auth failed, result: %v", authResult)
	}
	err = checkLoginConditions(user)
	if err != nil {
		return user, err
	}
	return user, nil
}

func getPreLoginHookResponse(loginMethod string, userAsJSON []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if strings.HasPrefix(config.PreLoginHook, "http") {
		var url *url.URL
		var result []byte
		url, err := url.Parse(config.PreLoginHook)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "invalid url for pre-login hook %#v, error: %v", config.PreLoginHook, err)
			return result, err
		}
		q := url.Query()
		q.Add("login_method", loginMethod)
		url.RawQuery = q.Encode()
		httpClient := httpclient.GetHTTPClient()
		resp, err := httpClient.Post(url.String(), "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(userAsJSON))
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error getting pre-login hook response: %v", err)
			return result, err
		}
		defer resp.Body.Close()
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNoContent {
			return result, nil
		}
		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
			return result, fmt.Errorf("wrong pre-login hook http status code: %v, expected 200", resp.StatusCode)
		}
		return ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, config.PreLoginHook)
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_LOGIND_USER=%v", string(userAsJSON)),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_LOGIND_METHOD=%v", loginMethod),
	)
	return cmd.Output()
}

func executePreLoginHook(username, loginMethod string) (User, error) {
	u, err := provider.userExists(username)
	if err != nil {
		if _, ok := err.(*RecordNotFoundError); !ok {
			return u, err
		}
		u = User{
			ID:       0,
			Username: username,
		}
	}
	userAsJSON, err := json.Marshal(u)
	if err != nil {
		return u, err
	}
	out, err := getPreLoginHookResponse(loginMethod, userAsJSON)
	if err != nil {
		return u, fmt.Errorf("Pre-login hook error: %v", err)
	}
	if len(strings.TrimSpace(string(out))) == 0 {
		providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "empty response from pre-login hook, no modification requested for user %#v id: %v",
			username, u.ID)
		if u.ID == 0 {
			return u, &RecordNotFoundError{err: fmt.Sprintf("username %v does not exist", username)}
		}
		return u, nil
	}

	userID := u.ID
	userUsedQuotaSize := u.UsedQuotaSize
	userUsedQuotaFiles := u.UsedQuotaFiles
	userLastQuotaUpdate := u.LastQuotaUpdate
	userLastLogin := u.LastLogin
	err = json.Unmarshal(out, &u)
	if err != nil {
		return u, fmt.Errorf("Invalid pre-login hook response %#v, error: %v", string(out), err)
	}
	u.ID = userID
	u.UsedQuotaSize = userUsedQuotaSize
	u.UsedQuotaFiles = userUsedQuotaFiles
	u.LastQuotaUpdate = userLastQuotaUpdate
	u.LastLogin = userLastLogin
	if userID == 0 {
		err = provider.addUser(u)
	} else {
		err = provider.updateUser(u)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return u, err
	}
	providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "user %#v added/updated from pre-login hook response, id: %v", username, userID)
	return provider.userExists(username)
}

func getExternalAuthResponse(username, password, pkey, keyboardInteractive string) ([]byte, error) {
	if strings.HasPrefix(config.ExternalAuthHook, "http") {
		var url *url.URL
		var result []byte
		url, err := url.Parse(config.ExternalAuthHook)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "invalid url for external auth hook %#v, error: %v", config.ExternalAuthHook, err)
			return result, err
		}
		httpClient := httpclient.GetHTTPClient()
		authRequest := make(map[string]string)
		authRequest["username"] = username
		authRequest["password"] = password
		authRequest["public_key"] = pkey
		authRequest["keyboard_interactive"] = keyboardInteractive
		authRequestAsJSON, err := json.Marshal(authRequest)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error serializing external auth request: %v", err)
			return result, err
		}
		resp, err := httpClient.Post(url.String(), "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(authRequestAsJSON))
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error getting external auth hook HTTP response: %v", err)
			return result, err
		}
		defer resp.Body.Close()
		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
			return result, fmt.Errorf("wrong external auth http status code: %v, expected 200", resp.StatusCode)
		}
		return ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, config.ExternalAuthHook)
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_AUTHD_USERNAME=%v", username),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_AUTHD_PASSWORD=%v", password),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_AUTHD_PUBLIC_KEY=%v", pkey),
		fmt.Sprintf("SFTPGO_AUTHD_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE=%v", keyboardInteractive))
	return cmd.Output()
}

func doExternalAuth(username, password string, pubKey []byte, keyboardInteractive string) (User, error) {
	var user User
	pkey := ""
	if len(pubKey) > 0 {
		k, err := ssh.ParsePublicKey(pubKey)
		if err != nil {
			return user, err
		}
		pkey = string(ssh.MarshalAuthorizedKey(k))
	}
	out, err := getExternalAuthResponse(username, password, pkey, keyboardInteractive)
	if err != nil {
		return user, fmt.Errorf("External auth error: %v", err)
	}
	err = json.Unmarshal(out, &user)
	if err != nil {
		return user, fmt.Errorf("Invalid external auth response: %v", err)
	}
	if len(user.Username) == 0 {
		return user, errors.New("Invalid credentials")
	}
	if len(password) > 0 {
		user.Password = password
	}
	if len(pkey) > 0 && !utils.IsStringPrefixInSlice(pkey, user.PublicKeys) {
		user.PublicKeys = append(user.PublicKeys, pkey)
	}
	// some users want to map multiple login usernames with a single SGTPGo account
	// for example an SFTP user logins using "user1" or "user2" and the external auth
	// returns "user" in both cases, so we use the username returned from
	// external auth and not the one used to login
	u, err := provider.userExists(user.Username)
	if err == nil {
		user.ID = u.ID
		user.UsedQuotaSize = u.UsedQuotaSize
		user.UsedQuotaFiles = u.UsedQuotaFiles
		user.LastQuotaUpdate = u.LastQuotaUpdate
		user.LastLogin = u.LastLogin
		err = provider.updateUser(user)
	} else {
		err = provider.addUser(user)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return user, err
	}
	return provider.userExists(user.Username)
}

func providerLog(level logger.LogLevel, format string, v ...interface{}) {
	logger.Log(level, logSender, "", format, v...)
}

func executeNotificationCommand(operation string, user User) error {
	if !filepath.IsAbs(config.Actions.Hook) {
		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid notification command %#v", config.Actions.Hook)
		logger.Warn(logSender, "", "unable to execute notification command: %v", err)
		return err
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	commandArgs := user.getNotificationFieldsAsSlice(operation)
	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, config.Actions.Hook, commandArgs...)
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), user.getNotificationFieldsAsEnvVars(operation)...)
	startTime := time.Now()
	err := cmd.Run()
	providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "executed command %#v with arguments: %+v, elapsed: %v, error: %v",
		config.Actions.Hook, commandArgs, time.Since(startTime), err)
	return err
}

// executed in a goroutine
func executeAction(operation string, user User) {
	if !utils.IsStringInSlice(operation, config.Actions.ExecuteOn) {
		return
	}
	if len(config.Actions.Hook) == 0 {
		return
	}
	if operation != operationDelete {
		var err error
		user, err = provider.userExists(user.Username)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "unable to get the user to notify for operation %#v: %v", operation, err)
			return
		}
	}
	if strings.HasPrefix(config.Actions.Hook, "http") {
		var url *url.URL
		url, err := url.Parse(config.Actions.Hook)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "Invalid http_notification_url %#v for operation %#v: %v", config.Actions.Hook, operation, err)
			return
		}
		q := url.Query()
		q.Add("action", operation)
		url.RawQuery = q.Encode()
		HideUserSensitiveData(&user)
		userAsJSON, err := json.Marshal(user)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
		startTime := time.Now()
		httpClient := httpclient.GetHTTPClient()
		resp, err := httpClient.Post(url.String(), "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(userAsJSON))
		respCode := 0
		if err == nil {
			respCode = resp.StatusCode
			resp.Body.Close()
		}
		providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "notified operation %#v to URL: %v status code: %v, elapsed: %v err: %v",
			operation, url.String(), respCode, time.Since(startTime), err)
	} else {
		executeNotificationCommand(operation, user) //nolint:errcheck // the error is used in test cases only
	}
}

// after migrating database to v4 we have to update the quota for the imported folders
func updateVFoldersQuotaAfterRestore(foldersToScan []string) {
	fs := vfs.NewOsFs("", "", nil).(vfs.OsFs)
	for _, folder := range foldersToScan {
		providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "starting quota scan after migration for folder %#v", folder)
		vfolder, err := provider.getFolderByPath(folder)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error getting folder to scan %#v: %v", folder, err)
			continue
		}
		numFiles, size, err := fs.GetDirSize(folder)
		if err != nil {
			providerLog(logger.LevelWarn, "error scanning folder %#v: %v", folder, err)
			continue
		}
		err = UpdateVirtualFolderQuota(provider, vfolder, numFiles, size, true)
		providerLog(logger.LevelDebug, "quota updated for virtual folder %#v, error: %v", vfolder.MappedPath, err)
	}
}