diff --git a/fn/common.php b/fn/common.php
index bb20853..1491679 100644
--- a/fn/common.php
+++ b/fn/common.php
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ function kdig(string $name, string $type, string $server = NULL): array {
 		'+json',
 		'+timeout=5',
 		'+retry=0',
+		'+noidn',
 		'-q',
 		$name,
 		'-t',
diff --git a/init.php b/init.php
index 33c1b82..ddfac3b 100644
--- a/init.php
+++ b/init.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ set_error_handler(function ($level, $message, $file = '', $line = 0) {
 set_exception_handler(function ($e) {
 	error_log((string) $e);
 	http_response_code(500);
-	echo '<h1>Error</h1><p>An error occured.<p>';
+	echo '<h1>Error</h1><p>An error occured.<p>' . LF;
 });
 register_shutdown_function(function () { // Also catch fatal errors
 	if (($error = error_get_last()) !== NULL)
diff --git a/jobs/check.php b/jobs/check.php
index 3e9562d..e10c7da 100644
--- a/jobs/check.php
+++ b/jobs/check.php
@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ const SUFFIX = 'test.servnest.test.';
 
 const TOR_PROXY = 'socks5h://127.0.0.1:9050';
 
-exescape([CONF['dns']['kdig_path'], 'torproject.org', 'AAAA'], $output, $return_code);
-if (preg_match('/^;; Flags: qr rd ra ad;/Dm', implode("\n", $output)) !== 1)
-	exit('Unable to do a DNSSEC-validated DNS query.' . LF);
+if (kdig(name: 'nlnet.nl', type: 'AAAA')['AD'] !== 1)
+	exit('DNS queries don\'t seem to be DNSSEC-validated.' . LF);
 
 define('COOKIE_FILE', sys_get_temp_dir() . '/cookie-' . bin2hex(random_bytes(16)) . '.txt');
 
@@ -108,13 +107,8 @@ function testReg(): string {
 		'domain' => $domain,
 		'ns' => 'ns1.servnest.invalid.',
 	]);
-	exescape([
-		CONF['dns']['kdig_path'],
-		'@' . CONF['reg']['address'],
-		$domain,
-		'NS',
-	], $output);
-	if (preg_match('/[ \t]+ns1\.servnest\.invalid\.$/Dm', implode(LF, $output)) !== 1)
+	$results = kdig(name: $domain, type: 'NS', server: CONF['reg']['address']);
+	if ($results['authorityRRs'][0]['rdataNS'] !== 'ns1.servnest.invalid.')
 		exit('Error: /reg/ns: NS record not set' . LF);
 
 	curlTest('/reg/ns', [
@@ -194,13 +188,10 @@ function testNs(string $domain): void {
 		'tag' => 'issue',
 		'value' => 'letsencrypt.org',
 	]);
-	exescape([
-		CONF['dns']['kdig_path'],
-		'@' . CONF['reg']['address'],
-		$domain,
-		'CAA',
-	], $output);
-	if (preg_match('/^' . preg_quote($domain, '/') . '[ \t]+7200[ \t]+IN[ \t]+CAA[ \t]+0[ \t]+issue[ \t]+"letsencrypt\.org"$/Dm', implode(LF, $output)) !== 1)
+	$results = kdig(name: $domain, type: 'CAA', server: CONF['reg']['address']);
+	if ($results['answerRRs'][0]['TTL'] !== 7200)
+		exit('Error: /ns/caa: wrong TTL' . LF);
+	if ($results['answerRRs'][0]['rdataCAA'] !== '0 issue "letsencrypt.org" ')
 		exit('Error: /ns/caa: CAA record not set' . LF);
 
 	curlTest('/ns/edit', [
@@ -208,13 +199,8 @@ function testNs(string $domain): void {
 		'records' => 'aaaa.' . $domain . ' 3600 AAAA ' . CONF['ht']['ipv6_address'] . "\r\n"
 			. '@ 86400 NS ' . CONF['ns']['servers'][0] . "\r\n",
 	]);
-	exescape([
-		CONF['dns']['kdig_path'],
-		'@' . CONF['reg']['address'],
-		'aaaa.' . $domain,
-		'AAAA',
-	], $output);
-	if (preg_match('/[ \t]+' . preg_quote(CONF['ht']['ipv6_address'], '/') . '$/Dm', implode(LF, $output)) !== 1)
+	$results = kdig(name: 'aaaa.' . $domain, type: 'AAAA', server: CONF['reg']['address']);
+	if ($results['answerRRs'][0]['rdataAAAA'] !== CONF['ht']['ipv6_address'])
 		exit('Error: /ns/edit: AAAA record not set' . LF);
 }
 
diff --git a/pages.php b/pages.php
index 6e567a3..4712238 100644
--- a/pages.php
+++ b/pages.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ define('PAGES', [
 			'title' => _('Create account'),
 			'description' => _('Create a new account, and log in with it'),
 			'require-login' => false,
-			'tokens_instance_cost' => 7200,
+			'tokens_instance_cost' => 1800,
 		],
 		'unregister' => [
 			'title' => _('Delete account'),
diff --git a/pg-act/ns/zone-add.php b/pg-act/ns/zone-add.php
index 90fa410..51f586e 100644
--- a/pg-act/ns/zone-add.php
+++ b/pg-act/ns/zone-add.php
@@ -5,28 +5,14 @@ $_POST['domain'] = formatAbsoluteDomain($_POST['domain']);
 if (query('select', 'zones', ['zone' => $_POST['domain']], 'zone') !== [])
 	output(403, _('This zone already exists on the service.'));
 
-exescape([
-	CONF['dns']['kdig_path'],
-	ltrim(strstr($_POST['domain'], '.'), '.'),
-	'NS',
-	'+short',
-	...(CONF['ns']['local_only_check'] ? ['@' . CONF['reg']['address']] : []),
-], $parentAuthoritatives, $code);
-if ($code !== 0)
-	output(500, 'Unable to query parent name servers.');
-if ($parentAuthoritatives === [])
+$parent_authoritatives = array_column(kdig(name: ltrim(strstr($_POST['domain'], '.'), '.'), type: 'NS', server: (CONF['ns']['local_only_check'] ? CONF['reg']['address'] : NULL))['answerRRs'], 'rdataNS');
+if ($parent_authoritatives === [])
 	output(403, _('Parent zone\'s name servers not found.'));
-foreach ($parentAuthoritatives as $parentAuthoritative)
-	checkAbsoluteDomainFormat($parentAuthoritative);
+foreach ($parent_authoritatives as $parent_authoritative)
+	checkAbsoluteDomainFormat($parent_authoritative);
 
-exescape([
-	CONF['dns']['kdig_path'],
-	$_POST['domain'],
-	'NS',
-	'@' . (CONF['ns']['local_only_check'] ? CONF['reg']['address'] : $parentAuthoritatives[0]),
-	'+noidn'
-], $results);
-if (preg_match('/^' . preg_quote($_POST['domain'], '/') . '[\t ]+[0-9]{1,8}[\t ]+IN[\t ]+NS[\t ]+(?<salt>[0-9a-f]{8})-(?<hash>[0-9a-f]{32})\._domain-verification\.' . preg_quote(SERVER_NAME, '/') . '\.$/Dm', implode(LF, $results), $matches) !== 1)
+$ns_records = array_column(kdig(name: $_POST['domain'], type: 'NS', server: (CONF['ns']['local_only_check'] ? CONF['reg']['address'] : $parentAuthoritatives[0]))['authorityRRs'], 'rdataNS');
+if (preg_match('/^(?<salt>[0-9a-f]{8})-(?<hash>[0-9a-f]{32})\._domain-verification\.' . preg_quote(SERVER_NAME, '/') . '\.$/Dm', implode(LF, $ns_records), $matches) !== 1)
 	output(403, _('NS authentication record not found.'));
 
 checkAuthToken($matches['salt'], $matches['hash']);
diff --git a/pg-act/reg/transfer.php b/pg-act/reg/transfer.php
index 12b87e7..4d46619 100644
--- a/pg-act/reg/transfer.php
+++ b/pg-act/reg/transfer.php
@@ -11,16 +11,8 @@ $domain = formatAbsoluteDomain($_POST['subdomain'] . '.' . $_POST['suffix']);
 if (query('select', 'registry', ['username' => $_SESSION['id'], 'domain' => $domain], 'domain') !== [])
 	output(403, _('The current account already owns this domain.'));
 
-exescape([
-	CONF['dns']['kdig_path'],
-	$domain,
-	'NS',
-	'@' . CONF['reg']['address'],
-	'+noidn',
-], $results, $code);
-if ($code !== 0)
-	output(500, 'Unable to query registry\'s name servers.');
-if (preg_match('/^' . preg_quote($domain, '/') . '[\t ]+[0-9]{1,8}[\t ]+IN[\t ]+NS[\t ]+(?<salt>[0-9a-f]{8})-(?<hash>[0-9a-f]{32})\._transfer-verification\.' . preg_quote(SERVER_NAME, '/') . '\.$/Dm', implode(LF, $results), $matches) !== 1)
+$ns_records = array_column(kdig(name: $domain, type: 'NS', server: CONF['reg']['address'])['authorityRRs'], 'rdataNS');
+if (preg_match('/^(?<salt>[0-9a-f]{8})-(?<hash>[0-9a-f]{32})\._transfer-verification\.' . preg_quote(SERVER_NAME, '/') . '\.$/Dm', implode(LF, $ns_records), $matches) !== 1)
 	output(403, _('NS authentication record not found.'));
 
 checkAuthToken($matches['salt'], $matches['hash']);