ladybird/Services/WebContent/WebDriverConnection.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2022, Florent Castelli <florent.castelli@gmail.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Sam Atkins <atkinssj@serenityos.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2022, Tobias Christiansen <tobyase@serenityos.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2022, Linus Groh <linusg@serenityos.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2022-2024, Tim Flynn <trflynn89@ladybird.org>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include <AK/JsonObject.h>
#include <AK/JsonValue.h>
#include <AK/LexicalPath.h>
#include <AK/Time.h>
#include <AK/Vector.h>
#include <LibCore/File.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/Value.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/CSSStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/PropertyID.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleProperties.h>
#include <LibWeb/Cookie/Cookie.h>
#include <LibWeb/Cookie/ParsedCookie.h>
#include <LibWeb/Crypto/Crypto.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Document.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/DocumentObserver.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Element.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Event.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Position.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/ShadowRoot.h>
#include <LibWeb/Geometry/DOMRect.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/AnimationFrameCallbackDriver.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/AttributeNames.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/BrowsingContext.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/Focus.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/FormAssociatedElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLDataListElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFrameElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLIFrameElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLOptGroupElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLOptionElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLSelectElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLTextAreaElement.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/NavigationObserver.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/Scripting/TemporaryExecutionContext.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/SelectedFile.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/TraversableNavigable.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/WindowProxy.h>
#include <LibWeb/Page/Page.h>
#include <LibWeb/Platform/EventLoopPlugin.h>
#include <LibWeb/Platform/Timer.h>
#include <LibWeb/UIEvents/EventNames.h>
#include <LibWeb/UIEvents/MouseEvent.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/Actions.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/ElementReference.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/HeapTimer.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/InputState.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/JSON.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/Properties.h>
#include <LibWeb/WebDriver/Screenshot.h>
#include <WebContent/WebDriverConnection.h>

namespace WebContent {

#define WEBDRIVER_TRY(expression)                                                                    \
    ({                                                                                               \
        /* Ignore -Wshadow to allow nesting the macro. */                                            \
        AK_IGNORE_DIAGNOSTIC("-Wshadow",                                                             \
            auto&& _temporary_result = (expression));                                                \
        static_assert(!::AK::Detail::IsLvalueReference<decltype(_temporary_result.release_value())>, \
            "Do not return a reference from a fallible expression");                                 \
        if (_temporary_result.is_error()) [[unlikely]] {                                             \
            async_driver_execution_complete({ _temporary_result.release_error() });                  \
            return;                                                                                  \
        }                                                                                            \
        _temporary_result.release_value();                                                           \
    })

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-serialized-cookie
static JsonValue serialize_cookie(Web::Cookie::Cookie const& cookie)
{
    JsonObject serialized_cookie;
    serialized_cookie.set("name"sv, cookie.name.to_byte_string());
    serialized_cookie.set("value"sv, cookie.value.to_byte_string());
    serialized_cookie.set("path"sv, cookie.path.to_byte_string());
    serialized_cookie.set("domain"sv, cookie.domain.to_byte_string());
    serialized_cookie.set("secure"sv, cookie.secure);
    serialized_cookie.set("httpOnly"sv, cookie.http_only);
    serialized_cookie.set("expiry"sv, cookie.expiry_time.seconds_since_epoch());
    serialized_cookie.set("sameSite"sv, Web::Cookie::same_site_to_string(cookie.same_site));

    return serialized_cookie;
}

static JsonValue serialize_rect(Gfx::IntRect const& rect)
{
    JsonObject serialized_rect = {};
    serialized_rect.set("x", rect.x());
    serialized_rect.set("y", rect.y());
    serialized_rect.set("width", rect.width());
    serialized_rect.set("height", rect.height());

    return serialized_rect;
}

static Gfx::IntRect compute_window_rect(Web::Page const& page)
{
    return {
        page.window_position().x(),
        page.window_position().y(),
        page.window_size().width(),
        page.window_size().height()
    };
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-no-longer-open
static ErrorOr<void, Web::WebDriver::Error> ensure_browsing_context_is_open(GC::Ptr<Web::HTML::BrowsingContext> browsing_context)
{
    // A browsing context is said to be no longer open if its navigable has been destroyed.
    if (!browsing_context || browsing_context->has_navigable_been_destroyed())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchWindow, "Window not found"sv);
    return {};
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-scrolls-into-view
static void scroll_element_into_view(Web::DOM::Element& element)
{
    // 1. Let options be the following ScrollIntoViewOptions:
    Web::DOM::ScrollIntoViewOptions options {};
    // Logical scroll position "block"
    //     "end"
    options.block = Web::Bindings::ScrollLogicalPosition::End;
    // Logical scroll position "inline"
    //     "nearest"
    options.inline_ = Web::Bindings::ScrollLogicalPosition::Nearest;

    // 2. Run Function.[[Call]](scrollIntoView, options) with element as the this value.
    (void)element.scroll_into_view(options);
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-container
static Optional<Web::DOM::Element&> container_for_element(Web::DOM::Element& element)
{
    auto first_element_reached_by_traversing_the_tree_in_reverse_order = [](Web::DOM::Element& element, auto filter) -> Optional<Web::DOM::Element&> {
        for (auto* current = element.previous_element_in_pre_order(); current; current = current->previous_element_in_pre_order()) {
            if (filter(*current))
                return *current;
        }

        return {};
    };

    // An element’s container is:
    // -> option element in a valid element context
    // -> optgroup element in a valid element context
    // FIXME: Determine if the element is in a valid element context. (https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-contexts)
    if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLOptionElement>(element) || is<Web::HTML::HTMLOptGroupElement>(element)) {
        // The element’s element context, which is determined by:
        // 1. Let datalist parent be the first datalist element reached by traversing the tree in reverse order from element, or undefined if the root of the tree is reached.
        auto datalist_parent = first_element_reached_by_traversing_the_tree_in_reverse_order(element, [](auto& node) { return is<Web::HTML::HTMLDataListElement>(node); });

        // 2. Let select parent be the first select element reached by traversing the tree in reverse order from element, or undefined if the root of the tree is reached.
        auto select_parent = first_element_reached_by_traversing_the_tree_in_reverse_order(element, [](auto& node) { return is<Web::HTML::HTMLSelectElement>(node); });

        // 3. If datalist parent is undefined, the element context is select parent. Otherwise, the element context is datalist parent.
        if (!datalist_parent.has_value())
            return select_parent;
        return datalist_parent;
    }
    // -> option element in an invalid element context
    else if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLOptionElement>(element)) {
        // The element does not have a container.
        return {};
    }
    // -> Otherwise
    else {
        // The container is the element itself.
        return element;
    }
}

template<typename T>
static bool fire_an_event(FlyString name, Optional<Web::DOM::Element&> target)
{
    // FIXME: This is supposed to call the https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-event-fire DOM algorithm,
    //        but that doesn't seem to be implemented elsewhere. So, we'll ad-hack it for now. :^)

    if (!target.has_value())
        return false;

    auto event = T::create(target->realm(), name);
    return target->dispatch_event(event);
}

ErrorOr<NonnullRefPtr<WebDriverConnection>> WebDriverConnection::connect(Web::PageClient& page_client, ByteString const& webdriver_ipc_path)
{
    static_assert(IsSame<IPC::Transport, IPC::TransportSocket>, "Need to handle other IPC transports here");

    dbgln_if(WEBDRIVER_DEBUG, "Trying to connect to {}", webdriver_ipc_path);
    auto socket = TRY(Core::LocalSocket::connect(webdriver_ipc_path));

    // Allow pop-ups, or otherwise /window/new won't be able to open a new tab.
    page_client.page().set_should_block_pop_ups(false);

    dbgln_if(WEBDRIVER_DEBUG, "Connected to WebDriver");
    return adopt_nonnull_ref_or_enomem(new (nothrow) WebDriverConnection(IPC::Transport(move(socket)), page_client));
}

WebDriverConnection::WebDriverConnection(IPC::Transport transport, Web::PageClient& page_client)
    : IPC::ConnectionToServer<WebDriverClientEndpoint, WebDriverServerEndpoint>(*this, move(transport))
{
    set_current_top_level_browsing_context(page_client.page().top_level_browsing_context());
}

void WebDriverConnection::visit_edges(JS::Cell::Visitor& visitor)
{
    visitor.visit(m_current_browsing_context);
    visitor.visit(m_current_parent_browsing_context);
    visitor.visit(m_current_top_level_browsing_context);
    visitor.visit(m_element_locator);
    visitor.visit(m_action_executor);
    visitor.visit(m_document_observer);
    visitor.visit(m_navigation_observer);
    visitor.visit(m_navigation_timer);
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-close-the-session
void WebDriverConnection::close_session()
{
    // 1. Set the webdriver-active flag to false.
    set_is_webdriver_active(false);

    // 2. An endpoint node must close any top-level browsing contexts associated with the session, without prompting to unload.
    if (auto browsing_context = current_top_level_browsing_context())
        browsing_context->top_level_traversable()->close_top_level_traversable();
}

void WebDriverConnection::set_page_load_strategy(Web::WebDriver::PageLoadStrategy const& page_load_strategy)
{
    m_page_load_strategy = page_load_strategy;
}

void WebDriverConnection::set_unhandled_prompt_behavior(Web::WebDriver::UnhandledPromptBehavior const& unhandled_prompt_behavior)
{
    m_unhandled_prompt_behavior = unhandled_prompt_behavior;
}

void WebDriverConnection::set_strict_file_interactability(bool strict_file_interactability)
{
    m_strict_file_interactability = strict_file_interactability;
}

void WebDriverConnection::set_is_webdriver_active(bool is_webdriver_active)
{
    current_browsing_context().page().set_is_webdriver_active(is_webdriver_active);
}

// 9.1 Get Timeouts, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-timeouts
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetTimeoutsResponse WebDriverConnection::get_timeouts()
{
    // 1. Let timeouts be the timeouts object for session’s timeouts configuration
    auto timeouts = Web::WebDriver::timeouts_object(m_timeouts_configuration);

    // 2. Return success with data timeouts.
    return timeouts;
}

// 9.2 Set Timeouts, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-set-timeouts
Messages::WebDriverClient::SetTimeoutsResponse WebDriverConnection::set_timeouts(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // FIXME: Spec issue: As written, the spec replaces the timeouts configuration with the newly provided values. But
    //        all other implementations update the existing configuration with any new values instead. WPT relies on
    //        this behavior, and sends us one timeout value at time.
    //        https://github.com/w3c/webdriver/issues/1596

    // 1. Let timeouts be the result of trying to JSON deserialize as a timeouts configuration the request’s parameters.
    TRY(Web::WebDriver::json_deserialize_as_a_timeouts_configuration_into(payload, m_timeouts_configuration));

    // 2. Make the session timeouts the new timeouts.

    // 3. Return success with data null.
    // NOTE: We return the current timeouts configuration so the client may store them for new sessions.
    return Web::WebDriver::timeouts_object(m_timeouts_configuration);
}

// 10.1 Navigate To, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#navigate-to
Messages::WebDriverClient::NavigateToResponse WebDriverConnection::navigate_to(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    dbgln_if(WEBDRIVER_DEBUG, "WebDriverConnection::navigate_to {}", payload);

    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Let url be the result of getting the property url from the parameters argument.
    if (!payload.is_object() || !payload.as_object().has_string("url"sv))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Payload doesn't have a string `url`"sv);
    URL::URL url(payload.as_object().get_byte_string("url"sv).value());

    // FIXME: 3. If url is not an absolute URL or is not an absolute URL with fragment or not a local scheme, return error with error code invalid argument.

    // 4. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, url = move(url)]() {
        // 5. Let current URL be the current top-level browsing context’s active document’s URL.
        auto const& current_url = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document()->url();

        // FIXME: 6. If current URL and url do not have the same absolute URL:
        // FIXME:     a. If timer has not been started, start a timer. If this algorithm has not completed before timer reaches the session’s session page load timeout in milliseconds, return an error with error code timeout.

        // 7. Navigate the current top-level browsing context to url.
        current_top_level_browsing_context()->page().load(url);

        auto navigation_complete = GC::create_function(current_top_level_browsing_context()->heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            // 9. Set the current browsing context with the current top-level browsing context.
            set_current_browsing_context(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

            // FIXME: 10. If the current top-level browsing context contains a refresh state pragma directive of time 1 second or less, wait until the refresh timeout has elapsed, a new navigate has begun, and return to the first step of this algorithm.

            async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
        });

        // 8. If url is special except for file and current URL and URL do not have the same absolute URL:
        // AD-HOC: We wait for the navigation to complete regardless of whether the current URL differs from the provided
        //         URL. Even if they're the same, the navigation queues a tasks that we must await, otherwise subsequent
        //         endpoint invocations will attempt to operate on the wrong page.
        if (url.is_special() && url.scheme() != "file"sv) {
            // a. Try to wait for navigation to complete.
            wait_for_navigation_to_complete(navigation_complete);

            // FIXME: b. Try to run the post-navigation checks.
        } else {
            navigation_complete->function()(JsonValue {});
        }
    });

    // 11. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 10.2 Get Current URL, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#get-current-url
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetCurrentUrlResponse WebDriverConnection::get_current_url()
{
    dbgln_if(WEBDRIVER_DEBUG, "WebDriverConnection::get_current_url");

    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Let url be the serialization of the current top-level browsing context’s active document’s document URL.
        auto url = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document()->url();

        // 4. Return success with data url.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ url.to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 10.3 Back, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-back
Messages::WebDriverClient::BackResponse WebDriverConnection::back()
{
    // 1. If session's current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        auto& realm = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document()->realm();

        // 3. Let timeout be session' session timeouts page load timeout.
        auto timeout = m_timeouts_configuration.page_load_timeout;

        // 4. Let timer be a new timer.
        auto timer = realm.create<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer>();

        auto on_complete = GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, timer]() {
            timer->stop();

            if (m_document_observer) {
                m_document_observer->set_document_page_showing_observer({});
                m_document_observer = nullptr;
            }

            // 8. If timer' timeout fired flag is set:
            if (timer->is_timed_out()) {
                // 1. Handle any user prompts.
                handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
                    // 2. Return error with error code timeout.
                    async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::Timeout, "Navigation timed out"sv));
                });

                return;
            }

            // 9. Return success with data null.
            async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        });

        // 5. If timeout is not null:
        if (timeout.has_value()) {
            // 1. Start the timer with timer and timeout.
            timer->start(*timeout, on_complete);
        }

        // 6. Traverse the history by a delta –1 for session's current browsing context.
        current_top_level_browsing_context()->top_level_traversable()->traverse_the_history_by_delta(-1);

        // 7. If the previous step completed results in a pageHide event firing, wait until pageShow event fires or
        //    timer' timeout fired flag to be set, whichever occurs first.
        current_top_level_browsing_context()->top_level_traversable()->append_session_history_traversal_steps(GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, timer, on_complete]() {
            if (timer->is_timed_out())
                return;

            if (auto* document = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document(); document->page_showing()) {
                on_complete->function()();
            } else {
                auto& realm = document->realm();

                m_document_observer = realm.create<Web::DOM::DocumentObserver>(realm, *document);
                m_document_observer->set_document_page_showing_observer([on_complete](auto) {
                    on_complete->function()();
                });
            }
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 10.4 Forward, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-forward
Messages::WebDriverClient::ForwardResponse WebDriverConnection::forward()
{
    // 1. If session's current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        auto& realm = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document()->realm();

        // 3. Let timeout be session' session timeouts page load timeout.
        auto timeout = m_timeouts_configuration.page_load_timeout;

        // 4. Let timer be a new timer.
        auto timer = realm.create<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer>();

        auto on_complete = GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, timer]() {
            timer->stop();

            if (m_document_observer) {
                m_document_observer->set_document_page_showing_observer({});
                m_document_observer = nullptr;
            }

            // 8. If timer' timeout fired flag is set:
            if (timer->is_timed_out()) {
                // 1. Handle any user prompts.
                handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
                    // 2. Return error with error code timeout.
                    async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::Timeout, "Navigation timed out"sv));
                });

                return;
            }

            // 9. Return success with data null.
            async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        });

        // 5. If timeout is not null:
        if (timeout.has_value()) {
            // 1. Start the timer with timer and timeout.
            timer->start(*timeout, on_complete);
        }

        // 6. Traverse the history by a delta 1 for session's current browsing context.
        current_top_level_browsing_context()->top_level_traversable()->traverse_the_history_by_delta(1);

        // 7. If the previous step completed results in a pageHide event firing, wait until pageShow event fires or
        //    timer' timeout fired flag to be set, whichever occurs first.
        current_top_level_browsing_context()->top_level_traversable()->append_session_history_traversal_steps(GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, timer, on_complete]() {
            if (timer->is_timed_out())
                return;

            if (auto* document = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document(); document->page_showing()) {
                on_complete->function()();
            } else {
                auto& realm = document->realm();

                m_document_observer = realm.create<Web::DOM::DocumentObserver>(realm, *document);
                m_document_observer->set_document_page_showing_observer([on_complete](auto) {
                    on_complete->function()();
                });
            }
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 10.5 Refresh, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-refresh
Messages::WebDriverClient::RefreshResponse WebDriverConnection::refresh()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Initiate an overridden reload of the current top-level browsing context’s active document.
        current_top_level_browsing_context()->page().client().page_did_request_refresh();

        // FIXME: 4. If url is special except for file:
        // FIXME:     1. Try to wait for navigation to complete.
        // FIXME:     2. Try to run the post-navigation checks.

        // 5. Set the current browsing context with current top-level browsing context.
        set_current_browsing_context(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

        // 6. Return success with data null.
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 10.6 Get Title, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-title
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetTitleResponse WebDriverConnection::get_title()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Let title be the initial value of the title IDL attribute of the current top-level browsing context's active document.
        auto title = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document()->title();

        // 4. Return success with data title.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ title.to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.1 Get Window Handle, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#get-window-handle
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetWindowHandleResponse WebDriverConnection::get_window_handle()
{
    // 1. If session's current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Return success with data being the window handle associated with session's current top-level browsing context.
    return JsonValue { current_top_level_browsing_context()->top_level_traversable()->window_handle() };
}

// 11.2 Close Window, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-close-window
Messages::WebDriverClient::CloseWindowResponse WebDriverConnection::close_window()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Close the current top-level browsing context.
        // FIXME: Spec issue: Closing browsing contexts is no longer a spec concept, we must instead close the top-level
        //        traversable. We must also do so asynchronously, as the implementation will spin the event loop in some
        //        steps. If a user dialog is open in another window within this agent, the event loop will be paused, and
        //        those spins will hang. So we must return control to the client, who can deal with the dialog.
        Web::HTML::queue_a_task(Web::HTML::Task::Source::Unspecified, nullptr, nullptr, GC::create_function(current_top_level_browsing_context()->heap(), [this]() {
            current_top_level_browsing_context()->top_level_traversable()->close_top_level_traversable();
        }));

        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.3 Switch to Window, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-switch-to-window
Messages::WebDriverClient::SwitchToWindowResponse WebDriverConnection::switch_to_window(String const& handle)
{
    // 4. If handle is equal to the associated window handle for some top-level browsing context in the
    //    current session, let context be the that browsing context, and set the current top-level
    //    browsing context with context.
    //    Otherwise, return error with error code no such window.
    bool found_matching_context = false;

    for (auto* navigable : Web::HTML::all_navigables()) {
        auto traversable = navigable->top_level_traversable();
        if (!traversable || !traversable->active_browsing_context())
            continue;

        if (handle == traversable->window_handle()) {
            set_current_top_level_browsing_context(*traversable->active_browsing_context());
            found_matching_context = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found_matching_context)
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchWindow, "Window not found");

    // 5. Update any implementation-specific state that would result from the user selecting the current
    //    browsing context for interaction, without altering OS-level focus.
    current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_request_activate_tab();

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.5 New Window, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-new-window
Messages::WebDriverClient::NewWindowResponse WebDriverConnection::new_window(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. If the implementation does not support creating new top-level browsing contexts, return error with error code unsupported operation.

    // 2. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 3. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, payload = move(const_cast<JsonValue&>(payload))]() {
        // 4. Let type hint be the result of getting the property "type" from the parameters argument.
        if (!payload.is_object()) {
            async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Payload is not a JSON object"));
            return;
        }

        // FIXME: Actually use this value to decide between an OS window or tab.
        auto type_hint = payload.as_object().get("type"sv);
        if (type_hint.has_value() && !type_hint->is_null() && !type_hint->is_string()) {
            async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Payload property `type` is not null or a string"sv));
            return;
        }

        // 5. Create a new top-level browsing context by running the window open steps with url set to "about:blank",
        //    target set to the empty string, and features set to "noopener" and the user agent configured to create a new
        //    browsing context. This must be done without invoking the focusing steps for the created browsing context. If
        //    type hint has the value "tab", and the implementation supports multiple browsing context in the same OS
        //    window, the new browsing context should share an OS window with the current browsing context. If type hint
        //    is "window", and the implementation supports multiple browsing contexts in separate OS windows, the
        //    created browsing context should be in a new OS window. In all other cases the details of how the browsing
        //    context is presented to the user are implementation defined.
        auto* active_window = current_browsing_context().active_window();
        VERIFY(active_window);

        Web::HTML::TemporaryExecutionContext execution_context { active_window->document()->realm() };
        auto [target_navigable, no_opener, window_type] = MUST(active_window->window_open_steps_internal("about:blank"sv, ""sv, "noopener"sv));

        // 6. Let handle be the associated window handle of the newly created window.
        auto handle = target_navigable->traversable_navigable()->window_handle();

        // 7. Let type be "tab" if the newly created window shares an OS-level window with the current browsing context, or "window" otherwise.
        auto type = "tab"sv;

        // 8. Let result be a new JSON Object initialized with:
        JsonObject result;
        result.set("handle"sv, JsonValue { handle });
        result.set("type"sv, JsonValue { type });

        // 9. Return success with data result.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ move(result) });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.6 Switch To Frame, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-switch-to-frame
Messages::WebDriverClient::SwitchToFrameResponse WebDriverConnection::switch_to_frame(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. Let id be the result of getting the property "id" from parameters.
    if (!payload.is_object() || !payload.as_object().has("id"sv))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Payload doesn't have property `id`"sv);

    auto id = payload.as_object().get("id"sv).release_value();

    // 2. If id is not null, a Number object, or an Object that represents a web element, return error with error code invalid argument.
    if (!id.is_null() && !id.is_number() && !Web::WebDriver::represents_a_web_element(id))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Payload property `id` is not null, a number, or a web element"sv);

    // 3. Run the substeps of the first matching condition:

    // -> id is null
    if (id.is_null()) {
        // 1. If session's current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
        TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

        // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
        handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
            // 3. Set the current browsing context with session and session's current top-level browsing context.
            set_current_browsing_context(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

            async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        });
    }

    // -> id is a Number object
    else if (id.is_number()) {
        // 1. If id is less than 0 or greater than 2^16 – 1, return error with error code invalid argument.
        auto id_value = id.get_integer<u16>();

        if (!id_value.has_value())
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Frame ID {} is invalid", id));

        // 2. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
        TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

        // 3. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
        handle_any_user_prompts([this, id = *id_value]() {
            Web::HTML::TemporaryExecutionContext execution_context { current_browsing_context().active_document()->realm() };

            // 4. Let window be the associated window of session's current browsing context's active document.
            auto window = current_browsing_context().active_document()->window()->window();

            // 5. If id is not a supported property index of window, return error with error code no such frame.
            auto property = window->get(id);

            if (property.is_error() || !property.value().is_object() || !is<Web::HTML::WindowProxy>(property.value().as_object())) {
                async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchFrame, ByteString::formatted("Frame ID {} not found", id)));
                return;
            }

            // 6. Let child window be the WindowProxy object obtained by calling window.[[GetOwnProperty]] (id).
            auto const& child_window = static_cast<Web::HTML::WindowProxy const&>(property.value().as_object());

            // 7. Set the current browsing context with session and child window's browsing context.
            set_current_browsing_context(child_window.associated_browsing_context());

            async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        });
    }

    // -> id represents a web element
    else if (id.is_object()) {
        auto element_id = Web::WebDriver::extract_web_element_reference(id.as_object());

        // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
        TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

        // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
        handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id = move(element_id)]() {
            // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and id.
            auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

            // 4. If element is not a frame or iframe element, return error with error code no such frame.
            if (!is<Web::HTML::HTMLFrameElement>(*element) && !is<Web::HTML::HTMLIFrameElement>(*element)) {
                async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchFrame, "element is not a frame"sv));
                return;
            }

            // 5. Set the current browsing context with session and element's content navigable's active browsing context.
            auto& navigable_container = static_cast<Web::HTML::NavigableContainer&>(*element);
            set_current_browsing_context(*navigable_container.content_navigable()->active_browsing_context());

            async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        });
    }

    // FIXME: 4. Update any implementation-specific state that would result from the user selecting session's current browsing context for interaction, without altering OS-level focus.

    // 5. Return success with data null
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.7 Switch To Parent Frame, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-switch-to-parent-frame
Messages::WebDriverClient::SwitchToParentFrameResponse WebDriverConnection::switch_to_parent_frame(JsonValue const&)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is already the top-level browsing context:
    if (&current_browsing_context() == current_top_level_browsing_context()) {
        // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
        TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

        // 2. Return success with data null.
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        return JsonValue {};
    }

    // 2. If session's current parent browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_browsing_context_is_open(current_parent_browsing_context()));

    // 3. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 4. If session's current parent browsing context is not null, set the current browsing context with session and
        //    current parent browsing context.
        if (auto parent_browsing_context = current_parent_browsing_context())
            set_current_browsing_context(*parent_browsing_context);

        // FIXME: 5. Update any implementation-specific state that would result from the user selecting session's current browsing context for interaction, without altering OS-level focus.

        // 6. Return success with data null.
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.8.1 Get Window Rect, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-window-rect
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetWindowRectResponse WebDriverConnection::get_window_rect()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Return success with data set to the WindowRect object for the current top-level browsing context.
        auto serialized_rect = serialize_rect(compute_window_rect(current_top_level_browsing_context()->page()));
        async_driver_execution_complete(move(serialized_rect));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.8.2 Set Window Rect, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-set-window-rect
Messages::WebDriverClient::SetWindowRectResponse WebDriverConnection::set_window_rect(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    if (!payload.is_object())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Payload is not a JSON object");

    auto const& properties = payload.as_object();

    auto resolve_property = [](auto name, auto const& property, double min, double max) -> ErrorOr<Optional<double>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
        if (property.is_null())
            return OptionalNone {};

        auto value = property.get_double_with_precision_loss();
        if (!value.has_value())
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Property '{}' is not a Number", name));
        if (*value < min)
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Property '{}' value {} exceeds the minimum allowed value {}", name, *value, min));
        if (*value > max)
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Property '{}' value {} exceeds the maximum allowed value {}", name, *value, max));

        return value;
    };

    // 1. Let width be the result of getting a property named width from the parameters argument, else let it be null.
    auto width_property = properties.get("width"sv).value_or(JsonValue());

    // 2. Let height be the result of getting a property named height from the parameters argument, else let it be null.
    auto height_property = properties.get("height"sv).value_or(JsonValue());

    // 3. Let x be the result of getting a property named x from the parameters argument, else let it be null.
    auto x_property = properties.get("x"sv).value_or(JsonValue());

    // 4. Let y be the result of getting a property named y from the parameters argument, else let it be null.
    auto y_property = properties.get("y"sv).value_or(JsonValue());

    // 5. If width or height is neither null nor a Number from 0 to 2^31 − 1, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto width = TRY(resolve_property("width"sv, width_property, 0, NumericLimits<i32>::max()));
    auto height = TRY(resolve_property("height"sv, height_property, 0, NumericLimits<i32>::max()));

    // 6. If x or y is neither null nor a Number from −(2^31) to 2^31 − 1, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto x = TRY(resolve_property("x"sv, x_property, NumericLimits<i32>::min(), NumericLimits<i32>::max()));
    auto y = TRY(resolve_property("y"sv, y_property, NumericLimits<i32>::min(), NumericLimits<i32>::max()));

    // 7. If the remote end does not support the Set Window Rect command for the current top-level browsing context for any reason, return error with error code unsupported operation.

    // 8. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 9. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, x, y, width, height]() {
        // FIXME: 10. Fully exit fullscreen.

        // 11. Restore the window.
        restore_the_window(GC::create_function(current_top_level_browsing_context()->heap(), [this, x, y, width, height]() {
            auto& page = current_top_level_browsing_context()->page();

            // 11. If width and height are not null:
            if (width.has_value() && height.has_value()) {
                // a. Set the width, in CSS pixels, of the operating system window containing the current top-level browsing context, including any browser chrome and externally drawn window decorations to a value that is as close as possible to width.
                // b. Set the height, in CSS pixels, of the operating system window containing the current top-level browsing context, including any browser chrome and externally drawn window decorations to a value that is as close as possible to height.
                page.client().page_did_request_resize_window({ *width, *height });
                ++m_pending_window_rect_requests;
            }

            // 12. If x and y are not null:
            if (x.has_value() && y.has_value()) {
                // a. Run the implementation-specific steps to set the position of the operating system level window containing the current top-level browsing context to the position given by the x and y coordinates.
                page.client().page_did_request_reposition_window({ *x, *y });
                ++m_pending_window_rect_requests;
            }

            if (m_pending_window_rect_requests == 0)
                async_driver_execution_complete(serialize_rect(compute_window_rect(page)));
        }));
    });

    // 14. Return success with data set to the WindowRect object for the current top-level browsing context.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.8.3 Maximize Window, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-maximize-window
Messages::WebDriverClient::MaximizeWindowResponse WebDriverConnection::maximize_window()
{
    // 1. If the remote end does not support the Maximize Window command for the current top-level browsing context for any reason, return error with error code unsupported operation.

    // 2. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 3. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // FIXME: 4. Fully exit fullscreen.

        // 5. Restore the window.
        restore_the_window(GC::create_function(current_top_level_browsing_context()->heap(), [this]() {
            // 6. Maximize the window of the current top-level browsing context.
            maximize_the_window();
        }));
    });

    // 7. Return success with data set to the WindowRect object for the current top-level browsing context.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.8.4 Minimize Window, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#minimize-window
Messages::WebDriverClient::MinimizeWindowResponse WebDriverConnection::minimize_window()
{
    // 1. If the remote end does not support the Minimize Window command for the current top-level browsing context for any reason, return error with error code unsupported operation.

    // 2. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 3. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // FIXME: 4. Fully exit fullscreen.

        // 5. Iconify the window.
        iconify_the_window(GC::create_function(current_top_level_browsing_context()->heap(), [this]() {
            auto& page = current_top_level_browsing_context()->page();
            async_driver_execution_complete(serialize_rect(compute_window_rect(page)));
        }));
    });

    // 6. Return success with data set to the WindowRect object for the current top-level browsing context.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 11.8.5 Fullscreen Window, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-fullscreen-window
Messages::WebDriverClient::FullscreenWindowResponse WebDriverConnection::fullscreen_window()
{
    // 1. If the remote end does not support fullscreen return error with error code unsupported operation.

    // 2. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 3. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 4. Restore the window.
        restore_the_window(GC::create_function(current_top_level_browsing_context()->heap(), [this]() {
            // 5. FIXME: Call fullscreen an element with the current top-level browsing context’s active document’s document element.
            //           As described in https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/#fullscreen-an-element
            //    NOTE: What we do here is basically `requestFullscreen(options)` with options["navigationUI"]="show"
            current_top_level_browsing_context()->page().client().page_did_request_fullscreen_window();
            ++m_pending_window_rect_requests;
        }));
    });

    // 6. Return success with data set to the WindowRect object for the current top-level browsing context.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// Extension Consume User Activation, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#user-activation-user-agent-automation
Messages::WebDriverClient::ConsumeUserActivationResponse WebDriverConnection::consume_user_activation()
{
    // FIXME: This should probably be in the spec steps
    // If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 1. Let window be current browsing context's active window.
    auto* window = current_browsing_context().active_window();

    // 2. Let consume be true if window has transient activation; otherwise false.
    bool consume = window->has_transient_activation();

    // 3. If consume is true, then consume user activation of window.
    if (consume)
        window->consume_user_activation();

    // 4. Return success with data consume.
    return consume;
}

static Web::WebDriver::Response extract_first_element(Web::WebDriver::Response result)
{
    auto array = TRY(result);
    VERIFY(array.is_array());

    if (!array.as_array().is_empty())
        return array.as_array().take(0);

    return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchElement, "The requested element does not exist"sv);
}

// 12.3.2 Find Element, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-find-element
Messages::WebDriverClient::FindElementResponse WebDriverConnection::find_element(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. Let location strategy be the result of getting a property named "using" from parameters.
    auto location_strategy_string = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "using"sv));
    auto location_strategy = Web::WebDriver::location_strategy_from_string(location_strategy_string);

    // 2. If location strategy is not present as a keyword in the table of location strategies, return error with error
    //    code invalid argument.
    if (!location_strategy.has_value())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Location strategy '{}' is invalid", location_strategy_string));

    // 3. Let selector be the result of getting a property named "value" from parameters.
    // 4. If selector is undefined, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto selector = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "value"sv));

    // 5. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 6. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, location_strategy, selector = move(selector)]() mutable {
        auto get_start_node = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this]() -> ErrorOr<GC::Ref<Web::DOM::ParentNode>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
            // 7. Let start node be session's current browsing context's document element.
            auto* start_node = current_browsing_context().active_document();

            // 8. If start node is null, return error with error code no such element.
            if (!start_node)
                return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchElement, "document element does not exist"sv);

            return *start_node;
        });

        // 9. Let result be the result of trying to Find with session, start node, location strategy, and selector.
        find(*location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            // 10. If result is empty, return error with error code no such element. Otherwise, return the first element of result.
            async_driver_execution_complete(extract_first_element(move(result)));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.3 Find Elements, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-find-elements
Messages::WebDriverClient::FindElementsResponse WebDriverConnection::find_elements(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. Let location strategy be the result of getting a property named "using" from parameters.
    auto location_strategy_string = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "using"sv));
    auto location_strategy = Web::WebDriver::location_strategy_from_string(location_strategy_string);

    // 2. If location strategy is not present as a keyword in the table of location strategies, return error with error
    //    code invalid argument.
    if (!location_strategy.has_value())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Location strategy '{}' is invalid", location_strategy_string));

    // 3. Let selector be the result of getting a property named "value" from parameters.
    // 4. If selector is undefined, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto selector = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "value"sv));

    // 5. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 6. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, location_strategy, selector = move(selector)]() mutable {
        auto get_start_node = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this]() -> ErrorOr<GC::Ref<Web::DOM::ParentNode>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
            // 7. Let start node be session's current browsing context's document element.
            auto* start_node = current_browsing_context().active_document();

            // 8. If start node is null, return error with error code no such element.
            if (!start_node)
                return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchElement, "document element does not exist"sv);

            return *start_node;
        });

        // 9. Return the result of trying to Find with session, start node, location strategy, and selector.
        find(*location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.4 Find Element From Element, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-find-element-from-element
Messages::WebDriverClient::FindElementFromElementResponse WebDriverConnection::find_element_from_element(JsonValue const& payload, String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. Let location strategy be the result of getting a property named "using" from parameters.
    auto location_strategy_string = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "using"sv));
    auto location_strategy = Web::WebDriver::location_strategy_from_string(location_strategy_string);

    // 2. If location strategy is not present as a keyword in the table of location strategies, return error with error code invalid argument.
    if (!location_strategy.has_value())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Location strategy '{}' is invalid", location_strategy_string));

    // 3. Let selector be the result of getting a property named "value" from parameters.
    // 4. If selector is undefined, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto selector = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "value"sv));

    // 5. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 6. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id, location_strategy, selector = move(selector)]() mutable {
        auto get_start_node = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this, element_id]() -> ErrorOr<GC::Ref<Web::DOM::ParentNode>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
            // 7. Let start node be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables["element id"].
            return Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id);
        });

        // 8. Let result be the value of trying to Find with session, start node, location strategy, and selector.
        find(*location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            // 9. If result is empty, return error with error code no such element. Otherwise, return the first element of result.
            async_driver_execution_complete(extract_first_element(move(result)));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.5 Find Elements From Element, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-find-elements-from-element
Messages::WebDriverClient::FindElementsFromElementResponse WebDriverConnection::find_elements_from_element(JsonValue const& payload, String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. Let location strategy be the result of getting a property named "using" from parameters.
    auto location_strategy_string = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "using"sv));
    auto location_strategy = Web::WebDriver::location_strategy_from_string(location_strategy_string);

    // 2. If location strategy is not present as a keyword in the table of location strategies, return error with error code invalid argument.
    if (!location_strategy.has_value())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Location strategy '{}' is invalid", location_strategy_string));

    // 3. Let selector be the result of getting a property named "value" from parameters.
    // 4. If selector is undefined, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto selector = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "value"sv));

    // 5. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 6. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id, location_strategy, selector = move(selector)]() mutable {
        auto get_start_node = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this, element_id]() -> ErrorOr<GC::Ref<Web::DOM::ParentNode>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
            // 7. Let start node be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables["element id"].
            return Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id);
        });

        // 8. Return the result of trying to Find with session, start node, location strategy, and selector.
        find(*location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.6 Find Element From Shadow Root, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#find-element-from-shadow-root
Messages::WebDriverClient::FindElementFromShadowRootResponse WebDriverConnection::find_element_from_shadow_root(JsonValue const& payload, String const& shadow_id)
{
    // 1. Let location strategy be the result of getting a property called "using".
    auto location_strategy_string = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "using"sv));
    auto location_strategy = Web::WebDriver::location_strategy_from_string(location_strategy_string);

    // 2. If location strategy is not present as a keyword in the table of location strategies, return error with error code invalid argument.
    if (!location_strategy.has_value())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Location strategy '{}' is invalid", location_strategy_string));

    // 3. Let selector be the result of getting a property called "value".
    // 4. If selector is undefined, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto selector = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "value"sv));

    // 5. If the ssession's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 6. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, shadow_id, location_strategy, selector = move(selector)]() mutable {
        auto get_start_node = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this, shadow_id]() -> ErrorOr<GC::Ref<Web::DOM::ParentNode>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
            // 7. Let start node be the result of trying to get a known shadow root with session and URL variables["shadow id"].
            return Web::WebDriver::get_known_shadow_root(current_browsing_context(), shadow_id);
        });

        // 8. Let result be the value of trying to Find with session, start node, location strategy, and selector.
        find(*location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            // 9. If result is empty, return error with error code no such element. Otherwise, return the first element of result.
            async_driver_execution_complete(extract_first_element(move(result)));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.7 Find Elements From Shadow Root, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#find-elements-from-shadow-root
Messages::WebDriverClient::FindElementsFromShadowRootResponse WebDriverConnection::find_elements_from_shadow_root(JsonValue const& payload, String const& shadow_id)
{
    // 1. Let location strategy be the result of getting a property called "using".
    auto location_strategy_string = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "using"sv));
    auto location_strategy = Web::WebDriver::location_strategy_from_string(location_strategy_string);

    // 2. If location strategy is not present as a keyword in the table of location strategies, return error with error code invalid argument.
    if (!location_strategy.has_value())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("Location strategy '{}' is invalid", location_strategy_string));

    // 3. Let selector be the result of getting a property called "value".
    // 4. If selector is undefined, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto selector = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "value"sv));

    // 5. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 6. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, shadow_id, location_strategy, selector = move(selector)]() mutable {
        auto get_start_node = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this, shadow_id]() -> ErrorOr<GC::Ref<Web::DOM::ParentNode>, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
            // 7. Let start node be the result of trying to get a known shadow root with session and URL variables["shadow id"].
            return Web::WebDriver::get_known_shadow_root(current_browsing_context(), shadow_id);
        });

        // 8. Return the result of trying to Find with session, start node, location strategy, and selector.
        find(*location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.8 Get Active Element, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#get-active-element
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetActiveElementResponse WebDriverConnection::get_active_element()
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Let active element be the active element of the current browsing context’s document element.
        auto const* active_element = current_browsing_context().active_document()->active_element();

        // 4. If active element is a non-null element, return success with data set to web element reference object for active element.
        //    Otherwise, return error with error code no such element.
        if (active_element) {
            auto serialized = Web::WebDriver::web_element_reference_object(current_browsing_context(), *active_element);
            async_driver_execution_complete({ move(serialized) });
            return;
        }

        async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchElement, "The current document does not have an active element"sv));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.3.9 Get Element Shadow Root, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#get-element-shadow-root
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementShadowRootResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_shadow_root(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables[element id].
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let shadow root be element's shadow root.
        auto shadow_root = element->shadow_root();

        // 5. If shadow root is null, return error with error code no such shadow root.
        if (!shadow_root) {
            async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchShadowRoot, ByteString::formatted("Element with ID '{}' does not have a shadow root", element_id)));
            return;
        }

        // 6. Let serialized be the shadow root reference object for session and shadow root.
        auto serialized = Web::WebDriver::shadow_root_reference_object(current_browsing_context(), *shadow_root);

        // 7. Return success with data serialized.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ move(serialized) });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.1 Is Element Selected, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-is-element-selected
Messages::WebDriverClient::IsElementSelectedResponse WebDriverConnection::is_element_selected(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known connected element with url variable element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let selected be the value corresponding to the first matching statement:
        bool selected = false;

        // element is an input element with a type attribute in the Checkbox- or Radio Button state
        if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement>(*element)) {
            // -> The result of element’s checkedness.
            auto& input = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(*element);
            using enum Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement::TypeAttributeState;

            if (input.type_state() == Checkbox || input.type_state() == RadioButton)
                selected = input.checked();
        }
        // element is an option element
        else if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLOptionElement>(*element)) {
            // -> The result of element’s selectedness.
            selected = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLOptionElement&>(*element).selected();
        }
        // Otherwise
        //   -> False.

        // 5. Return success with data selected.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ selected });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.2 Get Element Attribute, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-element-attribute
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementAttributeResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_attribute(String const& element_id, String const& name)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id, name]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables' element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let name be URL variables["name"].
        // 5. Let result be the result of the first matching condition:
        String result {};

        // -> If name is a boolean attribute
        if (Web::HTML::is_boolean_attribute(name)) {
            // "true" (string) if the element hasAttribute() with name, otherwise null.
            if (element->has_attribute(name))
                result = "true"_string;
        }
        // -> Otherwise
        else {
            // The result of getting an attribute by name name.
            if (auto attr = element->get_attribute(name); attr.has_value())
                result = attr.release_value();
        }

        // 5. Return success with data result.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ result.to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.3 Get Element Property, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-element-property
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementPropertyResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_property(String const& element_id, String const& name)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id, name]() {
        Web::WebDriver::Response result { JsonValue {} };

        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables' element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let name URL variables["name"].
        // 5. Let property be the result of calling the Object.[[GetProperty]](name) on element.
        Web::HTML::TemporaryExecutionContext execution_context { current_browsing_context().active_document()->realm() };

        if (auto property_or_error = element->get(name.to_byte_string()); !property_or_error.is_throw_completion()) {
            auto property = property_or_error.release_value();

            // 6. Let result be the value of property if not undefined, or null.
            if (!property.is_undefined())
                result = Web::WebDriver::json_clone(current_browsing_context(), property);
        }

        // 7. Return success with data result.
        async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.4 Get Element CSS Value, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-element-css-value
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementCssValueResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_css_value(String const& element_id, String const& name)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id, name]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with URL variables["element id"].
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let computed value be the result of the first matching condition:
        String computed_value;

        // -> session's current browsing context's active document's type is not "xml"
        if (auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document(); !document->is_xml_document()) {
            document->update_style();

            // computed value of parameter URL variables["property name"] from element's style declarations.
            if (auto property = Web::CSS::property_id_from_string(name); property.has_value()) {
                if (auto computed_values = element->computed_css_values(); computed_values.has_value())
                    computed_value = computed_values->property(property.value()).to_string();
            }
        }
        // -> Otherwise
        //     "" (empty string)

        // 5. Return success with data computed value.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ computed_value.to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.5 Get Element Text, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-element-text
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementTextResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_text(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known connected element with url variable element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let rendered text be the result of performing implementation-specific steps whose result is exactly the
        //    same as the result of a Function.[[Call]](null, element) with bot.dom.getVisibleText as the this value.
        auto rendered_text = Web::WebDriver::element_rendered_text(element);

        // 5. Return success with data rendered text.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ rendered_text.to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.6 Get Element Tag Name, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-element-tag-name
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementTagNameResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_tag_name(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with URL variables["element id"].
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let qualified name be the result of getting element's tagName IDL attribute.
        // FIXME: Spec-issue: The tagName attribute is uppercase, but lowercase is used in other engines.
        //        https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/issues/16830
        auto qualified_name = element->local_name();

        // 5. Return success with data qualified name.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ qualified_name.to_string().to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.7 Get Element Rect, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-element-rect
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetElementRectResponse WebDriverConnection::get_element_rect(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known connected element with url variable element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Calculate the absolute position of element and let it be coordinates.
        // 5. Let rect be element’s bounding rectangle.
        auto rect = calculate_absolute_rect_of_element(*element);

        // 6. Let body be a new JSON Object initialized with:
        // "x"
        //     The first value of coordinates.
        // "y"
        //     The second value of coordinates.
        // "width"
        //     Value of rect’s width dimension.
        // "height"
        //     Value of rect’s height dimension.
        auto body = serialize_rect(rect);

        // 7. Return success with data body.
        async_driver_execution_complete(move(body));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.8 Is Element Enabled, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-is-element-enabled
Messages::WebDriverClient::IsElementEnabledResponse WebDriverConnection::is_element_enabled(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known connected element with url variable element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let enabled be a boolean initially set to true if the current browsing context’s active document’s type is not "xml".
        // 5. Otherwise, let enabled to false and jump to the last step of this algorithm.
        bool enabled = !current_browsing_context().active_document()->is_xml_document();

        // 6. Set enabled to false if a form control is disabled.
        if (enabled && is<Web::HTML::FormAssociatedElement>(*element)) {
            auto& form_associated_element = dynamic_cast<Web::HTML::FormAssociatedElement&>(*element);
            enabled = form_associated_element.enabled();
        }

        // 7. Return success with data enabled.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ enabled });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.9 Get Computed Role, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-computed-role
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetComputedRoleResponse WebDriverConnection::get_computed_role(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known connected element with url variable element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let role be the result of computing the WAI-ARIA role of element.
        auto role = element->role_or_default();

        // 5. Return success with data role.
        if (role.has_value()) {
            async_driver_execution_complete({ Web::ARIA::role_name(*role) });
            return;
        }
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.4.10 Get Computed Label, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#get-computed-label
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetComputedLabelResponse WebDriverConnection::get_computed_label(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with url variable element id.
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Let label be the result of a Accessible Name and Description Computation for the Accessible Name of the element.
        auto label = element->accessible_name(element->document()).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();

        // 5. Return success with data label.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ label.to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.5.1 Element Click, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#element-click
Messages::WebDriverClient::ElementClickResponse WebDriverConnection::element_click(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        WEBDRIVER_TRY(element_click_impl(element_id));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

Web::WebDriver::Response WebDriverConnection::element_click_impl(String const& element_id)
{
    // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with element id.
    auto element = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

    // 4. If the element is an input element in the file upload state return error with error code invalid argument.
    if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement>(*element)) {
        // -> The result of element’s checkedness.
        auto& input = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(*element);
        using enum Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement::TypeAttributeState;

        if (input.type_state() == FileUpload)
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Clicking on an input element in the file upload state is not supported"sv);
    }

    // 5. Scroll into view the element’s container.
    auto element_container = container_for_element(*element);
    scroll_element_into_view(*element_container);

    auto paint_tree = Web::WebDriver::pointer_interactable_tree(current_browsing_context(), *element_container);

    // 6. If element’s container is still not in view, return error with error code element not interactable.
    if (!Web::WebDriver::is_element_in_view(paint_tree, *element_container))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementNotInteractable, "Could not bring element into view"sv);

    // 7. If element’s container is obscured by another element, return error with error code element click intercepted.
    if (Web::WebDriver::is_element_obscured(paint_tree, *element_container))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementClickIntercepted, "Element is obscured by another element"sv);

    auto on_complete = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
        // 9. Wait until the user agent event loop has spun enough times to process the DOM events generated by the
        //    previous step.
        m_action_executor = nullptr;

        // FIXME: 10. Perform implementation-defined steps to allow any navigations triggered by the click to start.

        // 11. Try to wait for navigation to complete.
        wait_for_navigation_to_complete(GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this, result = move(result)](Web::WebDriver::Response navigation_result) mutable {
            WEBDRIVER_TRY(navigation_result);

            // FIXME: 12. Try to run the post-navigation checks.

            async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
        }));
    });

    // 8. Matching on element:
    // -> option element
    if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLOptionElement>(*element)) {
        auto& option_element = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLOptionElement&>(*element);

        // 1. Let parent node be the element’s container.
        auto parent_node = element_container;

        // 2. Fire a mouseOver event at parent node.
        fire_an_event<Web::UIEvents::MouseEvent>(Web::UIEvents::EventNames::mouseover, parent_node);

        // 3. Fire a mouseMove event at parent node.
        fire_an_event<Web::UIEvents::MouseEvent>(Web::UIEvents::EventNames::mousemove, parent_node);

        // 4. Fire a mouseDown event at parent node.
        fire_an_event<Web::UIEvents::MouseEvent>(Web::UIEvents::EventNames::mousedown, parent_node);

        // 5. Run the focusing steps on parent node.
        Web::HTML::run_focusing_steps(parent_node.has_value() ? &*parent_node : nullptr);

        // 6. If element is not disabled:
        if (!option_element.is_actually_disabled()) {
            // 1. Fire an input event at parent node.
            fire_an_event<Web::DOM::Event>(Web::HTML::EventNames::input, parent_node);

            // 2. Let previous selectedness be equal to element selectedness.
            auto previous_selectedness = option_element.selected();

            // 3. If element’s container has the multiple attribute, toggle the element’s selectedness state
            //    by setting it to the opposite value of its current selectedness.
            if (parent_node.has_value() && parent_node->has_attribute(Web::HTML::AttributeNames::multiple)) {
                option_element.set_selected(!option_element.selected());
            }
            //    Otherwise, set the element’s selectedness state to true.
            else {
                option_element.set_selected(true);
            }

            // 4. If previous selectedness is false, fire a change event at parent node.
            if (!previous_selectedness) {
                fire_an_event<Web::DOM::Event>(Web::HTML::EventNames::change, parent_node);
            }
        }

        // 7. Fire a mouseUp event at parent node.
        fire_an_event<Web::UIEvents::MouseEvent>(Web::UIEvents::EventNames::mouseup, parent_node);

        // 8. Fire a click event at parent node.
        fire_an_event<Web::UIEvents::MouseEvent>(Web::UIEvents::EventNames::click, parent_node);

        Web::HTML::queue_a_task(Web::HTML::Task::Source::Unspecified, nullptr, nullptr, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [on_complete]() {
            on_complete->function()(JsonValue {});
        }));
    }
    // -> Otherwise
    else {
        // 1. Let input state be the result of get the input state given current session and current top-level
        //    browsing context.
        auto& input_state = Web::WebDriver::get_input_state(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

        // 2. Let actions options be a new actions options with the is element origin steps set to represents a web
        //    element, and the get element origin steps set to get a WebElement origin.
        Web::WebDriver::ActionsOptions actions_options {
            .is_element_origin = &Web::WebDriver::represents_a_web_element,
            .get_element_origin = &Web::WebDriver::get_web_element_origin,
        };

        // 3. Let input id be a the result of generating a UUID.
        auto input_id = MUST(Web::Crypto::generate_random_uuid());

        // 4. Let source be the result of create an input source with input state, and "pointer".
        auto source = Web::WebDriver::create_input_source(input_state, Web::WebDriver::InputSourceType::Pointer, Web::WebDriver::PointerInputSource::Subtype::Mouse);

        // 5. Add an input source with input state, input id and source.
        Web::WebDriver::add_input_source(input_state, input_id, move(source));

        // 6. Let click point be the element’s in-view center point.
        // FIXME: Spec-issue: This parameter is unused. Note that it would not correct to set the mouse move action
        //        position to this click point. The [0,0] specified below is ultimately interpreted as an offset from
        //        the element's center position.
        //        https://github.com/w3c/webdriver/issues/1563

        // 7. Let pointer move action be an action object constructed with arguments input id, "pointer", and "pointerMove".
        Web::WebDriver::ActionObject pointer_move_action { input_id, Web::WebDriver::InputSourceType::Pointer, Web::WebDriver::ActionObject::Subtype::PointerMove };

        // 8. Set a property x to 0 on pointer move action.
        // 9. Set a property y to 0 on pointer move action.
        pointer_move_action.pointer_move_fields().position = { 0, 0 };

        // 10. Set a property origin to element on pointer move action.
        auto origin = Web::WebDriver::get_or_create_a_web_element_reference(current_browsing_context(), *element);
        pointer_move_action.pointer_move_fields().origin = MUST(String::from_byte_string(origin));

        // 11. Let pointer down action be an action object constructed with arguments input id, "pointer", and "pointerDown".
        Web::WebDriver::ActionObject pointer_down_action { input_id, Web::WebDriver::InputSourceType::Pointer, Web::WebDriver::ActionObject::Subtype::PointerDown };

        // 12. Set a property button to 0 on pointer down action.
        pointer_down_action.pointer_up_down_fields().button = Web::UIEvents::button_code_to_mouse_button(0);

        // 13. Let pointer up action be an action object constructed with arguments input id, "pointer", and "pointerUp" as arguments.
        Web::WebDriver::ActionObject pointer_up_action { input_id, Web::WebDriver::InputSourceType::Pointer, Web::WebDriver::ActionObject::Subtype::PointerUp };

        // 14. Set a property button to 0 on pointer up action.
        pointer_up_action.pointer_up_down_fields().button = Web::UIEvents::button_code_to_mouse_button(0);

        // 15. Let actions be the list «pointer move action, pointer down action, pointer up action».
        Vector actions { move(pointer_move_action), move(pointer_down_action), move(pointer_up_action) };

        // 16. Dispatch a list of actions with input state, actions, current browsing context, and actions options.
        m_action_executor = Web::WebDriver::dispatch_list_of_actions(input_state, move(actions), current_browsing_context(), move(actions_options), GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [on_complete, &input_state, input_id = move(input_id)](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            // 17. Remove an input source with input state and input id.
            Web::WebDriver::remove_input_source(input_state, input_id);

            on_complete->function()(move(result));
        }));
    }

    // 13. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.5.2 Element Clear, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-element-clear
Messages::WebDriverClient::ElementClearResponse WebDriverConnection::element_clear(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        async_driver_execution_complete(element_clear_impl(element_id));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

Web::WebDriver::Response WebDriverConnection::element_clear_impl(String const& element_id)
{
    // https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-clear-a-content-editable-element
    auto clear_content_editable_element = [&](Web::DOM::Element& element) {
        // 1. If element's innerHTML IDL attribute is an empty string do nothing and return.
        if (auto result = element.inner_html(); result.is_error() || result.value().is_empty())
            return;

        // 2. Run the focusing steps for element.
        Web::HTML::run_focusing_steps(&element);

        // 3. Set element's innerHTML IDL attribute to an empty string.
        (void)element.set_inner_html({});

        // 4. Run the unfocusing steps for the element.
        Web::HTML::run_unfocusing_steps(&element);
    };

    // https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-clear-a-resettable-element
    auto clear_resettable_element = [&](Web::DOM::Element& element) {
        VERIFY(is<Web::HTML::FormAssociatedElement>(element));
        auto& form_associated_element = dynamic_cast<Web::HTML::FormAssociatedElement&>(element);

        // 1. Let empty be the result of the first matching condition:
        auto empty = [&]() {
            // -> element is an input element whose type attribute is in the File Upload state
            //    True if the list of selected files has a length of 0, and false otherwise
            if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement>(element)) {
                auto& input_element = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(element);

                if (input_element.type_state() == Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement::TypeAttributeState::FileUpload)
                    return input_element.files()->length() == 0;
            }

            // -> otherwise
            //    True if its value IDL attribute is an empty string, and false otherwise.
            return form_associated_element.value().is_empty();
        }();

        // 2. If element is a candidate for constraint validation it satisfies its constraints, and empty is true,
        //    abort these substeps.
        // FIXME: Implement constraint validation.
        if (empty)
            return;

        // 3. Invoke the focusing steps for element.
        Web::HTML::run_focusing_steps(&element);

        // 4. Invoke the clear algorithm for element.
        form_associated_element.clear_algorithm();

        // 5. Invoke the unfocusing steps for the element.
        Web::HTML::run_unfocusing_steps(&element);
    };

    // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and element id.
    auto element = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

    // 4. If element is not editable, return an error with error code invalid element state.
    if (!Web::WebDriver::is_element_editable(*element))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidElementState, "Element is not editable"sv);

    // 5. Scroll into view the element.
    scroll_element_into_view(*element);

    // FIXME: 6. Let timeout be session's session timeouts' implicit wait timeout.
    // FIXME: 7. Let timer be a new timer.
    // FIXME: 8. If timeout is not null:
    {
        // FIXME: 1. Start the timer with timer and timeout.
    }
    // FIXME: 9. Wait for element to become interactable, or timer's timeout fired flag to be set, whichever occurs first.

    // 10. If element is not interactable, return error with error code element not interactable.
    if (!Web::WebDriver::is_element_interactable(current_browsing_context(), *element))
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementNotInteractable, "Element is not interactable"sv);

    // 11. Run the substeps of the first matching statement:
    // -> element is a mutable form control element
    if (Web::WebDriver::is_element_mutable_form_control(*element)) {
        // Invoke the steps to clear a resettable element.
        clear_resettable_element(*element);
    }
    // -> element is a mutable element
    else if (Web::WebDriver::is_element_mutable(*element)) {
        // Invoke the steps to clear a content editable element.
        clear_content_editable_element(*element);
    }
    // -> otherwise
    else {
        // Return error with error code invalid element state.
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidElementState, "Element is not editable"sv);
    }

    // 12. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 12.5.3 Element Send Keys, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-element-send-keys
Messages::WebDriverClient::ElementSendKeysResponse WebDriverConnection::element_send_keys(String const& element_id, JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. Let text be the result of getting a property named "text" from parameters.
    // 2. If text is not a String, return an error with error code invalid argument.
    auto text = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "text"sv));

    // 3. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 4. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id, text = move(text)]() {
        WEBDRIVER_TRY(element_send_keys_impl(element_id, text));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

Web::WebDriver::Response WebDriverConnection::element_send_keys_impl(String const& element_id, ByteString const& text)
{
    // 5. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables[element id].
    auto element = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

    // 6. Let file be true if element is input element in the file upload state, or false otherwise.
    auto file = is<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement>(*element) && static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(*element).type_state() == Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement::TypeAttributeState::FileUpload;

    // 7. If file is false or the session's strict file interactability, is true run the following substeps:
    if (!file || m_strict_file_interactability) {
        // 1. Scroll into view the element.
        scroll_element_into_view(*element);

        // FIXME: 2. Let timeout be session's session timeouts' implicit wait timeout.
        // FIXME: 3. Let timer be a new timer.
        // FIXME: 4. If timeout is not null:
        {
            // FIXME: 1. Start the timer with timer and timeout.
        }
        // FIXME: 5. Wait for element to become keyboard-interactable, or timer's timeout fired flag to be set, whichever occurs first.

        // 6. If element is not keyboard-interactable, return error with error code element not interactable.
        if (!Web::WebDriver::is_element_keyboard_interactable(*element))
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementNotInteractable, "Element is not keyboard-interactable"sv);

        // 7. If element is not the active element run the focusing steps for the element.
        if (!element->is_active())
            Web::HTML::run_focusing_steps(element);
    }

    // 8. Run the substeps of the first matching condition:

    // -> file is true
    if (file) {
        auto& input_element = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(*element);

        // 1. Let files be the result of splitting text on the newline (\n) character.
        auto files = text.split('\n');

        // 2. If files is of 0 length, return an error with error code invalid argument.
        if (files.is_empty())
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "File list is empty"sv);

        // 3. Let multiple equal the result of calling hasAttribute() with "multiple" on element.
        auto multiple = input_element.has_attribute(Web::HTML::AttributeNames::multiple);

        // 4. if multiple is false and the length of files is not equal to 1, return an error with error code invalid argument.
        if (!multiple && files.size() != 1)
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Element does not accept multiple files"sv);

        // 5. Verify that each file given by the user exists. If any do not, return error with error code invalid argument.
        // 6. Complete implementation specific steps equivalent to setting the selected files on the input element. If
        //    multiple is true files are be appended to element's selected files.
        auto create_selected_file = [](auto const& path) -> ErrorOr<Web::HTML::SelectedFile> {
            auto file = TRY(Core::File::open(path, Core::File::OpenMode::Read));
            auto contents = TRY(file->read_until_eof());

            return Web::HTML::SelectedFile { LexicalPath::basename(path), move(contents) };
        };

        Vector<Web::HTML::SelectedFile> selected_files;
        selected_files.ensure_capacity(files.size());

        for (auto const& path : files) {
            auto selected_file = create_selected_file(path);
            if (selected_file.is_error())
                return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, ByteString::formatted("'{}' does not exist", path));

            selected_files.unchecked_append(selected_file.release_value());
        }

        input_element.did_select_files(selected_files, Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement::MultipleHandling::Append);

        // 7. Fire these events in order on element:
        //     1. input
        //     2. change
        // NOTE: These events are fired by `did_select_files` as an element task. So instead of firing them here, we spin
        //       the event loop once before informing the client that the action is complete.
        Web::HTML::queue_a_task(Web::HTML::Task::Source::Unspecified, nullptr, nullptr, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this]() {
            async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        }));

        // 8. Return success with data null.
        return JsonValue {};
    }
    // -> element is a non-typeable form control
    else if (Web::WebDriver::is_element_non_typeable_form_control(*element)) {
        // 1. If element does not have an own property named value return an error with error code element not interactable
        if (!is<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement>(*element))
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementNotInteractable, "Element does not have a property named 'value'"sv);

        auto& input_element = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(*element);

        // 2. If element is not mutable return an error with error code element not interactable.
        if (input_element.is_mutable())
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementNotInteractable, "Element is immutable"sv);

        // 3. Set a property value to text on element.
        MUST(input_element.set_value(MUST(String::from_byte_string(text))));

        // FIXME: 4. If element is suffering from bad input return an error with error code invalid argument.

        // 5. Return success with data null.
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
        return JsonValue {};
    }
    // -> element is content editable
    else if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLElement>(*element) && static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLElement&>(*element).is_content_editable()) {
        // If element does not currently have focus, set the text insertion caret after any child content.
        auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();
        document->set_focused_element(element);
    }
    // -> otherwise
    else if (is<Web::HTML::FormAssociatedTextControlElement>(*element)) {
        Optional<Web::HTML::FormAssociatedTextControlElement&> target;

        if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement>(*element))
            target = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLInputElement&>(*element);
        else if (is<Web::HTML::HTMLTextAreaElement>(*element))
            target = static_cast<Web::HTML::HTMLTextAreaElement&>(*element);

        // NOTE: The spec doesn't dictate this, but these steps only make sense for form-associated text elements.
        if (target.has_value()) {
            // 1. If element does not currently have focus, let current text length be the length of element's API value.
            Optional<Web::WebIDL::UnsignedLong> current_text_length;

            if (element->is_focused()) {
                auto api_value = target->relevant_value();

                // FIXME: This should be a UTF-16 code unit length, but `set_the_selection_range` is also currently
                //        implemented in terms of code point length.
                current_text_length = api_value.code_points().length();
            }

            // 2. Set the text insertion caret using set selection range using current text length for both the start
            //    and end parameters.
            (void)target->set_selection_range(current_text_length, current_text_length, {});
        }
    }

    // 9. Let input state be the result of get the input state with session and session's current top-level browsing context.
    auto& input_state = Web::WebDriver::get_input_state(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

    // 10. Let input id be a the result of generating a UUID.
    auto input_id = MUST(Web::Crypto::generate_random_uuid());

    // 11. Let source be the result of create an input source with input state, and "key".
    auto source = Web::WebDriver::create_input_source(input_state, Web::WebDriver::InputSourceType::Key, {});

    // 12. Add an input source with input state, input id and source.
    Web::WebDriver::add_input_source(input_state, input_id, move(source));

    // 13. Dispatch actions for a string with arguments input state, input id, and source, text, and session's current browsing context.
    m_action_executor = Web::WebDriver::dispatch_actions_for_a_string(input_state, input_id, source, text, current_browsing_context(), GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this, &input_state, input_id](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
        m_action_executor = nullptr;

        // 14. Remove an input source with input state and input id.
        Web::WebDriver::remove_input_source(input_state, input_id);

        async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
    }));

    // 15. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 13.1 Get Page Source, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-page-source
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetSourceResponse WebDriverConnection::get_source()
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();
        Optional<String> source;

        // 3. Let source be the result of invoking the fragment serializing algorithm on a fictional node whose only
        //    child is the document element providing true for the require well-formed flag. If this causes an exception
        //    to be thrown, let source be null.
        if (auto result = document->document_element()->serialize_fragment(Web::DOMParsing::RequireWellFormed::Yes, Web::DOM::FragmentSerializationMode::Outer); !result.is_error())
            source = result.release_value();

        // 4. Let source be the result of serializing to string session's current browsing context's active document,
        //    if source is null.
        if (!source.has_value())
            source = MUST(document->serialize_fragment(Web::DOMParsing::RequireWellFormed::No));

        // 5. Return success with data source.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ source->to_byte_string() });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 13.2.1 Execute Script, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-execute-script
Messages::WebDriverClient::ExecuteScriptResponse WebDriverConnection::execute_script(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    auto* window = current_browsing_context().active_window();
    auto& vm = window->vm();

    // 1. Let body and arguments be the result of trying to extract the script arguments from a request with argument parameters.
    auto [body, arguments] = TRY(extract_the_script_arguments_from_a_request(vm, payload));

    // 2. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 3. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, body = move(body), arguments = move(arguments)]() mutable {
        m_has_pending_script_execution = true;

        // 4. Let timeout be session's session timeouts' script timeout.
        auto timeout_ms = m_timeouts_configuration.script_timeout;

        // This handles steps 5 to 9 and produces the appropriate result type for the following steps.
        Web::WebDriver::execute_script(current_browsing_context(), move(body), move(arguments), timeout_ms, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::ExecutionResult result) {
            dbgln_if(WEBDRIVER_DEBUG, "Executing script returned: {}", result.value);
            handle_script_response(result);
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 13.2.2 Execute Async Script, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-execute-async-script
Messages::WebDriverClient::ExecuteAsyncScriptResponse WebDriverConnection::execute_async_script(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    auto* window = current_browsing_context().active_window();
    auto& vm = window->vm();

    // 1. Let body and arguments by the result of trying to extract the script arguments from a request with argument parameters.
    auto [body, arguments] = TRY(extract_the_script_arguments_from_a_request(vm, payload));

    // 2. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 3. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, body = move(body), arguments = move(arguments)]() mutable {
        m_has_pending_script_execution = true;

        // 4. Let timeout be session's session timeouts' script timeout.
        auto timeout_ms = m_timeouts_configuration.script_timeout;

        // This handles steps 5 to 9 and produces the appropriate result type for the following steps.
        Web::WebDriver::execute_async_script(current_browsing_context(), move(body), move(arguments), timeout_ms, GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [&](Web::WebDriver::ExecutionResult result) {
            dbgln_if(WEBDRIVER_DEBUG, "Executing async script returned: {}", result.value);
            handle_script_response(result);
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

void WebDriverConnection::handle_script_response(Web::WebDriver::ExecutionResult result)
{
    if (!m_has_pending_script_execution)
        return;
    m_has_pending_script_execution = false;

    auto response = [&]() -> Web::WebDriver::Response {
        switch (result.state) {
        // 10. If promise is still pending and timer's timeout fired flag is set, return error with error code script
        //     timeout.
        case JS::Promise::State::Pending:
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ScriptTimeoutError, "Script timed out");

        // 11. If promise is fulfilled with value v, let result be JSON clone with session and v, and return success
        //     with data result.
        case JS::Promise::State::Fulfilled:
            return Web::WebDriver::json_clone(current_browsing_context(), result.value);

        // 12. If promise is rejected with reason r, let result be JSON clone with session and r, and return error
        //     with error code javascript error and data result.
        case JS::Promise::State::Rejected: {
            auto reason = TRY(Web::WebDriver::json_clone(current_browsing_context(), result.value));
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::JavascriptError, "Script returned an error", move(reason));
        }
        }

        VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
    }();

    async_driver_execution_complete(move(response));
}

// 14.1 Get All Cookies, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-all-cookies
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetAllCookiesResponse WebDriverConnection::get_all_cookies()
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Let cookies be a new JSON List.
        JsonArray cookies;

        // 4. For each cookie in all associated cookies of the current browsing context’s active document:
        auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();

        for (auto const& cookie : current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_request_all_cookies(document->url())) {
            // 1. Let serialized cookie be the result of serializing cookie.
            auto serialized_cookie = serialize_cookie(cookie);

            // 2. Append serialized cookie to cookies
            cookies.must_append(move(serialized_cookie));
        }

        // 5. Return success with data cookies.
        async_driver_execution_complete({ move(cookies) });
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 14.2 Get Named Cookie, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-get-named-cookie
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetNamedCookieResponse WebDriverConnection::get_named_cookie(String const& name)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, name]() {
        // 3. If the url variable name is equal to a cookie’s cookie name amongst all associated cookies of the current browsing context’s active document, return success with the serialized cookie as data.
        auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();

        if (auto cookie = current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_request_named_cookie(document->url(), name); cookie.has_value()) {
            auto serialized_cookie = serialize_cookie(*cookie);
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(serialized_cookie));
            return;
        }

        // 4. Otherwise, return error with error code no such cookie.
        async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchCookie, ByteString::formatted("Cookie '{}' not found", name)));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 14.3 Add Cookie, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-adding-a-cookie
Messages::WebDriverClient::AddCookieResponse WebDriverConnection::add_cookie(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. Let data be the result of getting a property named cookie from the parameters argument.
    auto const& data = *TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property<JsonObject const*>(payload, "cookie"sv));

    // 2. If data is not a JSON Object with all the required (non-optional) JSON keys listed in the table for cookie conversion, return error with error code invalid argument.
    // NOTE: This validation is performed in subsequent steps.

    // 3. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 4. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, data = move(const_cast<JsonObject&>(data))]() {
        async_driver_execution_complete(add_cookie_impl(data));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

Web::WebDriver::Response WebDriverConnection::add_cookie_impl(JsonObject const& data)
{
    auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();

    // 5. If the current browsing context’s document element is a cookie-averse Document object, return error with
    //    error code invalid cookie domain.
    if (document->is_cookie_averse())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidCookieDomain, "Document is cookie-averse"sv);

    // 6. If cookie name or cookie value is null, cookie domain is not equal to the current browsing context’s active
    //    document’s domain, cookie secure only or cookie HTTP only are not boolean types, or cookie expiry time is not
    //    an integer type, or it less than 0 or greater than the maximum safe integer, return error with error code
    //    invalid argument.
    // NOTE: This validation is either performed in subsequent steps.

    // 7. Create a cookie in the cookie store associated with the active document’s address using cookie name name, cookie value value, and an attribute-value list of the following cookie concepts listed in the table for cookie conversion from data:
    Web::Cookie::ParsedCookie cookie {};
    cookie.name = MUST(String::from_byte_string(TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(data, "name"sv))));
    cookie.value = MUST(String::from_byte_string(TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(data, "value"sv))));

    // Cookie path
    //     The value if the entry exists, otherwise "/".
    if (data.has("path"sv))
        cookie.path = MUST(String::from_byte_string(TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(data, "path"sv))));
    else
        cookie.path = "/"_string;

    // Cookie domain
    //     The value if the entry exists, otherwise the current browsing context’s active document’s URL domain.
    // NOTE: The otherwise case is handled by the CookieJar
    if (data.has("domain"sv)) {
        cookie.domain = MUST(String::from_byte_string(TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(data, "domain"sv))));

        // FIXME: Spec issue: We must return InvalidCookieDomain for invalid domains, rather than InvalidArgument.
        // https://github.com/w3c/webdriver/issues/1570
        if (!Web::Cookie::domain_matches(*cookie.domain, document->domain()))
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidCookieDomain, "Cookie domain does not match document domain"sv);
    }

    // Cookie secure only
    //     The value if the entry exists, otherwise false.
    if (data.has("secure"sv))
        cookie.secure_attribute_present = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property<bool>(data, "secure"sv));

    // Cookie HTTP only
    //     The value if the entry exists, otherwise false.
    if (data.has("httpOnly"sv))
        cookie.http_only_attribute_present = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property<bool>(data, "httpOnly"sv));

    // Cookie expiry time
    //     The value if the entry exists, otherwise leave unset to indicate that this is a session cookie.
    if (data.has("expiry"sv)) {
        auto expiry = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property<i64>(data, "expiry"sv));
        cookie.expiry_time_from_expires_attribute = UnixDateTime::from_seconds_since_epoch(expiry);
    }

    // Cookie same site
    //     The value if the entry exists, otherwise leave unset to indicate that no same site policy is defined.
    if (data.has("sameSite"sv)) {
        auto same_site = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(data, "sameSite"sv));
        cookie.same_site_attribute = Web::Cookie::same_site_from_string(same_site);

        if (cookie.same_site_attribute == Web::Cookie::SameSite::Default)
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidArgument, "Invalid same-site attribute"sv);
    }

    current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_set_cookie(document->url(), cookie, Web::Cookie::Source::Http);

    // If there is an error during this step, return error with error code unable to set cookie.
    // NOTE: This probably should only apply to the actual setting of the cookie in the Browser, which cannot fail in our case.

    // 8. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 14.4 Delete Cookie, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-delete-cookie
Messages::WebDriverClient::DeleteCookieResponse WebDriverConnection::delete_cookie(String const& name)
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, name]() {
        // 3. Delete cookies using the url variable name parameter as the filter argument.
        delete_cookies(name);

        // 4. Return success with data null.
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 14.5 Delete All Cookies, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-delete-all-cookies
Messages::WebDriverClient::DeleteAllCookiesResponse WebDriverConnection::delete_all_cookies()
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Handle any user prompts, and return its value if it is an error.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        // 3. Delete cookies, giving no filtering argument.
        delete_cookies();

        // 4. Return success with data null.
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 15.7 Perform Actions, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#perform-actions
Messages::WebDriverClient::PerformActionsResponse WebDriverConnection::perform_actions(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 4. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    // NOTE: We do this first so we can assume the current top-level browsing context below is non-null.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 1. Let input state be the result of get the input state with session and session's current top-level browsing context.
    auto& input_state = Web::WebDriver::get_input_state(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

    // 2. Let actions options be a new actions options with the is element origin steps set to represents a web element,
    //    and the get element origin steps set to get a WebElement origin.
    Web::WebDriver::ActionsOptions actions_options {
        .is_element_origin = &Web::WebDriver::represents_a_web_element,
        .get_element_origin = &Web::WebDriver::get_web_element_origin,
    };

    // 3. Let actions by tick be the result of trying to extract an action sequence with input state, parameters, and
    //    actions options.
    auto actions_by_tick = TRY(Web::WebDriver::extract_an_action_sequence(input_state, payload, actions_options));

    // 5. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, &input_state, actions_options = move(actions_options), actions_by_tick = move(actions_by_tick)]() mutable {
        // 6. Dispatch actions with input state, actions by tick, current browsing context, and actions options. If this
        //    results in an error return that error.
        auto on_complete = GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
            m_action_executor = nullptr;
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(result));
        });

        m_action_executor = Web::WebDriver::dispatch_actions(input_state, move(actions_by_tick), current_browsing_context(), move(actions_options), on_complete);
    });

    // 7. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 15.8 Release Actions, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#release-actions
Messages::WebDriverClient::ReleaseActionsResponse WebDriverConnection::release_actions()
{
    // 1. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Let input state be the result of get the input state with current session and current top-level browsing context.
    auto& input_state = Web::WebDriver::get_input_state(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

    // 3. Let actions options be a new actions options with the is element origin steps set to represents a web element,
    //    and the get element origin steps set to get a WebElement origin.
    Web::WebDriver::ActionsOptions actions_options {
        .is_element_origin = &Web::WebDriver::represents_a_web_element,
        .get_element_origin = &Web::WebDriver::get_web_element_origin,
    };

    // 4. Let undo actions be input state’s input cancel list in reverse order.
    auto undo_actions = input_state.input_cancel_list;
    undo_actions.reverse();

    // 5. Try to dispatch tick actions with arguments undo actions, 0, current browsing context, and actions options.
    TRY(Web::WebDriver::dispatch_tick_actions(input_state, undo_actions, AK::Duration::zero(), current_browsing_context(), actions_options));

    // 6. Reset the input state with current session and current top-level browsing context.
    Web::WebDriver::reset_input_state(*current_top_level_browsing_context());

    // 7. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 16.1 Dismiss Alert, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dismiss-alert
Messages::WebDriverClient::DismissAlertResponse WebDriverConnection::dismiss_alert()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. If there is no current user prompt, return error with error code no such alert.
    if (!current_browsing_context().page().has_pending_dialog())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchAlert, "No user dialog is currently open"sv);

    // 3. Dismiss the current user prompt.
    current_browsing_context().page().dismiss_dialog(GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this]() {
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    }));

    // 4. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 16.2 Accept Alert, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#accept-alert
Messages::WebDriverClient::AcceptAlertResponse WebDriverConnection::accept_alert()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. If there is no current user prompt, return error with error code no such alert.
    if (!current_browsing_context().page().has_pending_dialog())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchAlert, "No user dialog is currently open"sv);

    // 3. Accept the current user prompt.
    current_browsing_context().page().accept_dialog(GC::create_function(current_browsing_context().heap(), [this]() {
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    }));

    // 4. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 16.3 Get Alert Text, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#get-alert-text
Messages::WebDriverClient::GetAlertTextResponse WebDriverConnection::get_alert_text()
{
    // 1. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. If there is no current user prompt, return error with error code no such alert.
    if (!current_browsing_context().page().has_pending_dialog())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchAlert, "No user dialog is currently open"sv);

    // 3. Let message be the text message associated with the current user prompt, or otherwise be null.
    auto const& message = current_browsing_context().page().pending_dialog_text();

    // 4. Return success with data message.
    if (message.has_value())
        return message->to_byte_string();
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 16.4 Send Alert Text, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#send-alert-text
Messages::WebDriverClient::SendAlertTextResponse WebDriverConnection::send_alert_text(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // 1. Let text be the result of getting the property "text" from parameters.
    // 2. If text is not a String, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto text = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "text"sv));

    // 3. If the current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 4. If there is no current user prompt, return error with error code no such alert.
    if (!current_browsing_context().page().has_pending_dialog())
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::NoSuchAlert, "No user dialog is currently open"sv);

    // 5. Run the substeps of the first matching current user prompt:
    switch (current_browsing_context().page().pending_dialog()) {
    // -> alert
    // -> confirm
    case Web::Page::PendingDialog::Alert:
    case Web::Page::PendingDialog::Confirm:
        // Return error with error code element not interactable.
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::ElementNotInteractable, "Only prompt dialogs may receive text"sv);

    // -> prompt
    case Web::Page::PendingDialog::Prompt:
        // Do nothing.
        break;

    // -> Otherwise
    default:
        // Return error with error code unsupported operation.
        return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::UnsupportedOperation, "Unknown dialog type"sv);
    }

    // 6. Perform user agent dependent steps to set the value of current user prompt’s text field to text.
    current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_request_set_prompt_text(TRY(String::from_byte_string(text)));

    // 7. Return success with data null.
    return JsonValue {};
}

// 17.1 Take Screenshot, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#take-screenshot
Messages::WebDriverClient::TakeScreenshotResponse WebDriverConnection::take_screenshot()
{
    // 1. If session's current top-level browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());

    // FIXME: Spec issue: We must handle user prompts in this endpoint, just like we do in Take Element Screenshot.
    // https://github.com/w3c/webdriver/issues/1678
    handle_any_user_prompts([this]() {
        auto* document = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document();
        auto window = document->window();

        // 2. When the user agent is next to run the animation frame callbacks:
        (void)window->animation_frame_callback_driver().add(GC::create_function(document->heap(), [this, document](double) mutable {
            // a. Let root rect be session's current top-level browsing context's document element's rectangle.
            auto root_rect = calculate_absolute_rect_of_element(*document->document_element());

            // b. Let screenshot result be the result of trying to call draw a bounding box from the framebuffer, given root rect as an argument.
            // c. Let canvas be a canvas element of screenshot result's data.
            auto canvas = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::draw_bounding_box_from_the_framebuffer(*current_top_level_browsing_context(), *document->document_element(), root_rect));

            // d. Let encoding result be the result of trying encoding a canvas as Base64 canvas.
            // e. Let encoded string be encoding result's data.
            auto encoded_string = Web::WebDriver::encode_canvas_element(canvas);

            // 3. Return success with data encoded string.
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(encoded_string));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 17.2 Take Element Screenshot, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-take-element-screenshot
Messages::WebDriverClient::TakeElementScreenshotResponse WebDriverConnection::take_element_screenshot(String const& element_id)
{
    // 1. If session's current browsing context is no longer open, return error with error code no such window.
    TRY(ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open());

    // 2. Try to handle any user prompts with session.
    handle_any_user_prompts([this, element_id]() {
        auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();
        auto window = document->window();

        // 3. Let element be the result of trying to get a known element with session and URL variables["element id"].
        auto element = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_known_element(current_browsing_context(), element_id));

        // 4. Scroll into view the element.
        scroll_element_into_view(element);

        // 5. When the user agent is next to run the animation frame callbacks:
        (void)window->animation_frame_callback_driver().add(GC::create_function(document->heap(), [this, element](double) {
            // a. Let element rect be element's rectangle.
            auto element_rect = calculate_absolute_rect_of_element(element);

            // b. Let screenshot result be the result of trying to call draw a bounding box from the framebuffer, given element rect as an argument.
            // c. Let canvas be a canvas element of screenshot result's data.
            auto canvas = WEBDRIVER_TRY(Web::WebDriver::draw_bounding_box_from_the_framebuffer(current_browsing_context(), element, element_rect));

            // d. Let encoding result be the result of trying encoding a canvas as Base64 canvas.
            // e. Let encoded string be encoding result's data.
            auto encoded_string = Web::WebDriver::encode_canvas_element(canvas);

            // 6. Return success with data encoded string.
            async_driver_execution_complete(move(encoded_string));
        }));
    });

    return JsonValue {};
}

// 18.1 Print Page, https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-print-page
Messages::WebDriverClient::PrintPageResponse WebDriverConnection::print_page(JsonValue const& payload)
{
    dbgln("FIXME: WebDriverConnection::print_page({})", payload);
    return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::UnsupportedOperation, "Print not implemented"sv);
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-set-the-current-browsing-context
void WebDriverConnection::set_current_browsing_context(Web::HTML::BrowsingContext& browsing_context)
{
    // 1. Set session's current browsing context to context.
    m_current_browsing_context = browsing_context;

    // 2. Set the session's current parent browsing context to the parent browsing context of context, if that context
    //    exists, or null otherwise.
    if (auto navigable = browsing_context.active_document()->navigable(); navigable && navigable->parent())
        m_current_parent_browsing_context = navigable->parent()->active_browsing_context();
    else
        m_current_parent_browsing_context = nullptr;
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-set-the-current-browsing-context
void WebDriverConnection::set_current_top_level_browsing_context(Web::HTML::BrowsingContext& browsing_context)
{
    // 1. Assert: context is a top-level browsing context.
    VERIFY(browsing_context.is_top_level());

    if (m_current_top_level_browsing_context)
        m_current_top_level_browsing_context->page().set_window_rect_observer({});

    // 2. Set session's current top-level browsing context to context.
    m_current_top_level_browsing_context = browsing_context;

    if (m_current_top_level_browsing_context) {
        m_current_top_level_browsing_context->page().set_window_rect_observer(GC::create_function(m_current_top_level_browsing_context->heap(), [this](Web::DevicePixelRect rect) {
            if (m_pending_window_rect_requests > 0 && --m_pending_window_rect_requests == 0)
                async_driver_execution_complete(serialize_rect(rect.to_type<int>()));
        }));
    }

    // 3. Set the current browsing context with session and context.
    set_current_browsing_context(browsing_context);
}

Messages::WebDriverClient::EnsureTopLevelBrowsingContextIsOpenResponse WebDriverConnection::ensure_top_level_browsing_context_is_open()
{
    TRY(ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open());
    return JsonValue {};
}

ErrorOr<void, Web::WebDriver::Error> WebDriverConnection::ensure_current_browsing_context_is_open()
{
    return ensure_browsing_context_is_open(current_browsing_context());
}

ErrorOr<void, Web::WebDriver::Error> WebDriverConnection::ensure_current_top_level_browsing_context_is_open()
{
    return ensure_browsing_context_is_open(current_top_level_browsing_context());
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-handle-any-user-prompts
void WebDriverConnection::handle_any_user_prompts(Function<void()> on_dialog_closed)
{
    auto& page = current_browsing_context().page();
    auto& heap = current_browsing_context().heap();

    // 1. If there is no current user prompt, abort these steps and return success.
    if (!page.has_pending_dialog()) {
        on_dialog_closed();
        return;
    }

    // 2. Perform the following substeps based on the current session’s user prompt handler:
    switch (m_unhandled_prompt_behavior) {
    // -> dismiss state
    case Web::WebDriver::UnhandledPromptBehavior::Dismiss:
        // Dismiss the current user prompt.
        page.dismiss_dialog(GC::create_function(heap, move(on_dialog_closed)));
        break;

    // -> accept state
    case Web::WebDriver::UnhandledPromptBehavior::Accept:
        // Accept the current user prompt.
        page.accept_dialog(GC::create_function(heap, move(on_dialog_closed)));
        break;

    // -> dismiss and notify state
    case Web::WebDriver::UnhandledPromptBehavior::DismissAndNotify:
        // Dismiss the current user prompt.
        page.dismiss_dialog(GC::create_function(heap, [this]() {
            // Return an annotated unexpected alert open error.
            async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::UnexpectedAlertOpen, "A user dialog is open"sv));
        }));
        break;

    // -> accept and notify state
    case Web::WebDriver::UnhandledPromptBehavior::AcceptAndNotify:
        // Accept the current user prompt.
        page.accept_dialog(GC::create_function(heap, [this]() {
            // Return an annotated unexpected alert open error.
            async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::UnexpectedAlertOpen, "A user dialog is open"sv));
        }));
        break;

    // -> ignore state
    case Web::WebDriver::UnhandledPromptBehavior::Ignore:
        // Return an annotated unexpected alert open error.
        async_driver_execution_complete(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::UnexpectedAlertOpen, "A user dialog is open"sv));
        break;
    }

    // 3. Return success.
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-wait-for-navigation-to-complete
// FIXME: Update this AO to the latest spec steps.
void WebDriverConnection::wait_for_navigation_to_complete(OnNavigationComplete on_complete)
{
    // 1. If the current session has a page loading strategy of none, return success with data null.
    if (m_page_load_strategy == Web::WebDriver::PageLoadStrategy::None) {
        on_complete->function()(JsonValue {});
        return;
    }

    // 2. If the current browsing context is no longer open, return success with data null.
    if (ensure_browsing_context_is_open(current_browsing_context()).is_error()) {
        on_complete->function()(JsonValue {});
        return;
    }

    auto& realm = current_browsing_context().active_document()->realm();
    auto navigable = current_browsing_context().active_document()->navigable();

    if (!navigable || navigable->ongoing_navigation().has<Empty>()) {
        on_complete->function()(JsonValue {});
        return;
    }

    auto reset_observers = [](auto& self) {
        if (self.m_navigation_observer) {
            self.m_navigation_observer->set_navigation_complete({});
            self.m_navigation_observer = nullptr;
        }
        if (self.m_document_observer) {
            self.m_document_observer->set_document_readiness_observer({});
            self.m_document_observer = nullptr;
        }
    };

    // 3. Start a timer. If this algorithm has not completed before timer reaches the session’s session page load timeout
    //    in milliseconds, return an error with error code timeout.
    m_navigation_timer = realm.create<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer>();

    // 4. If there is an ongoing attempt to navigate the current browsing context that has not yet matured, wait for
    //    navigation to mature.
    m_navigation_observer = realm.create<Web::HTML::NavigationObserver>(realm, *navigable);

    m_navigation_observer->set_navigation_complete([this, &realm, reset_observers]() {
        reset_observers(*this);

        // 5. Let readiness target be the document readiness state associated with the current session’s page loading
        //    strategy, which can be found in the table of page load strategies.
        auto readiness_target = [this]() {
            switch (m_page_load_strategy) {
            case Web::WebDriver::PageLoadStrategy::Normal:
                return Web::HTML::DocumentReadyState::Complete;
            case Web::WebDriver::PageLoadStrategy::Eager:
                return Web::HTML::DocumentReadyState::Interactive;
            default:
                VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
            };
        }();

        // 6. Wait for the current browsing context’s document readiness state to reach readiness target,
        //    or for the session page load timeout to pass, whichever occurs sooner.
        if (auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document(); document->readiness() != readiness_target) {
            m_document_observer = realm.create<Web::DOM::DocumentObserver>(realm, *document);

            m_document_observer->set_document_readiness_observer([this, readiness_target](Web::HTML::DocumentReadyState readiness) {
                if (readiness == readiness_target)
                    m_navigation_timer->stop_and_fire_timeout_handler();
            });
        } else {
            m_navigation_timer->stop_and_fire_timeout_handler();
        }
    });

    m_navigation_timer->start(m_timeouts_configuration.page_load_timeout.value_or(300'000), GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, on_complete, reset_observers]() {
        reset_observers(*this);

        auto did_time_out = m_navigation_timer->is_timed_out();
        m_navigation_timer = nullptr;

        // 7. If the previous step completed by the session page load timeout being reached and the browser does
        //    not have an active user prompt, return error with error code timeout.
        if (did_time_out && !current_browsing_context().active_document()->page().has_pending_dialog()) {
            on_complete->function()(Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::Timeout, "Navigation timed out"sv));
            return;
        }

        // 8. Return success with data null.
        on_complete->function()(JsonValue {});
    }));
}

void WebDriverConnection::page_did_open_dialog(Badge<PageClient>)
{
    // OPTMIZATION: If a dialog is opened while we are awaiting a specific document readiness state, that state will
    //              never be reached, as the dialog will block the HTML event loop from any further processing. Instead
    //              of waiting for the session's page load timeout to expire, unblock the waiter immediately. This also
    //              seems to match how other browsers behave.
    if (m_navigation_timer)
        m_navigation_timer->stop_and_fire_timeout_handler();

    // https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-execute-a-function-body
    // If at any point during the algorithm a user prompt appears, immediately return Completion { [[Type]]: normal,
    // [[Value]]: null, [[Target]]: empty }, but continue to run the other steps of this algorithm in parallel.
    if (m_has_pending_script_execution) {
        m_has_pending_script_execution = false;
        async_driver_execution_complete(JsonValue {});
    }
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-maximize-the-window
void WebDriverConnection::maximize_the_window()
{
    // To maximize the window, given an operating system level window with an associated top-level browsing context, run
    // the implementation-specific steps to transition the operating system level window into the maximized window state.
    // Return when the window has completed the transition, or within an implementation-defined timeout.
    current_top_level_browsing_context()->page().client().page_did_request_maximize_window();
    ++m_pending_window_rect_requests;
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-iconify-the-window
void WebDriverConnection::iconify_the_window(GC::Ref<GC::Function<void()>> on_complete)
{
    // To iconify the window, given an operating system level window with an associated top-level browsing context, run
    // implementation-specific steps to iconify, minimize, or hide the window from the visible screen.
    current_top_level_browsing_context()->page().client().page_did_request_minimize_window();

    // Do not return from this operation until the visibility state of the top-level browsing context’s active document
    // has reached the hidden state, or until the operation times out.
    wait_for_visibility_state(on_complete, Web::HTML::VisibilityState::Hidden);
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-restore-the-window
void WebDriverConnection::restore_the_window(GC::Ref<GC::Function<void()>> on_complete)
{
    // To restore the window, given an operating system level window with an associated top-level browsing context, run
    // implementation-specific steps to restore or unhide the window to the visible screen.
    current_top_level_browsing_context()->page().client().page_did_request_restore_window();

    // Do not return from this operation until the visibility state of the top-level browsing context’s active document
    // has reached the visible state, or until the operation times out.
    wait_for_visibility_state(on_complete, Web::HTML::VisibilityState::Visible);
}

void WebDriverConnection::wait_for_visibility_state(GC::Ref<GC::Function<void()>> on_complete, Web::HTML::VisibilityState target_visibility_state)
{
    static constexpr auto VISIBILITY_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5'000;

    auto* document = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_document();
    auto& realm = document->realm();

    if (document->visibility_state_value() == target_visibility_state) {
        on_complete->function()();
        return;
    }

    auto timer = realm.create<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer>();
    m_document_observer = realm.create<Web::DOM::DocumentObserver>(realm, *document);

    m_document_observer->set_document_visibility_state_observer([timer, target_visibility_state](Web::HTML::VisibilityState visibility_state) {
        if (visibility_state == target_visibility_state)
            timer->stop_and_fire_timeout_handler();
    });

    timer->start(VISIBILITY_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, on_complete]() {
        m_document_observer->set_document_visibility_state_observer({});
        m_document_observer = nullptr;

        on_complete->function()();
    }));
}

class ElementLocator final : public JS::Cell {
    GC_CELL(ElementLocator, JS::Cell);
    GC_DECLARE_ALLOCATOR(ElementLocator);

public:
    ElementLocator(
        Web::HTML::BrowsingContext const& browsing_context,
        Web::WebDriver::LocationStrategy location_strategy,
        ByteString selector,
        WebDriverConnection::GetStartNode get_start_node,
        WebDriverConnection::OnFindComplete on_complete,
        GC::Ref<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer> timer)
        : m_browsing_context(browsing_context)
        , m_location_strategy(location_strategy)
        , m_selector(move(selector))
        , m_get_start_node(get_start_node)
        , m_on_complete(on_complete)
        , m_timer(timer)
    {
    }

    void search_for_element()
    {
        if (auto result = perform_search(); result.has_value()) {
            m_on_complete->function()(result.release_value());
            return;
        }

        if (m_timer->is_timed_out())
            return;

        Web::HTML::queue_a_task(Web::HTML::Task::Source::Unspecified, nullptr, nullptr, GC::create_function(heap(), [this]() {
            search_for_element();
        }));
    }

private:
    Optional<Web::WebDriver::Response> perform_search()
    {
        // 1. Set elements returned to the result of trying to call the relevant element location strategy with arguments
        //    start node, and selector.
        auto maybe_elements = Web::WebDriver::invoke_location_strategy(m_location_strategy, TRY(m_get_start_node->function()()), m_selector);

        // 2. If a DOMException, SyntaxError, XPathException, or other error occurs during the execution of the element
        //    location strategy, return error invalid selector.
        if (maybe_elements.is_error())
            return Web::WebDriver::Error::from_code(Web::WebDriver::ErrorCode::InvalidSelector, ByteString::formatted("The location strategy could not finish: {}", maybe_elements.error().message));

        if (auto elements = maybe_elements.release_value(); elements->length() > 0) {
            // 8. Let result be an empty List.
            JsonArray result;
            result.ensure_capacity(elements->length());

            // 9. For each element in elements returned, append the web element reference object for session and element,
            //    to result.
            for (size_t i = 0; i < elements->length(); ++i)
                result.must_append(Web::WebDriver::web_element_reference_object(m_browsing_context, *elements->item(i)));

            // 10. Return success with data result.
            return JsonValue { move(result) };
        }

        return {};
    }

    virtual void visit_edges(Cell::Visitor& visitor) override
    {
        Base::visit_edges(visitor);
        visitor.visit(m_browsing_context);
        visitor.visit(m_get_start_node);
        visitor.visit(m_on_complete);
        visitor.visit(m_timer);
    }

    GC::Ref<Web::HTML::BrowsingContext const> m_browsing_context;

    Web::WebDriver::LocationStrategy m_location_strategy;
    ByteString m_selector;

    WebDriverConnection::GetStartNode m_get_start_node;
    WebDriverConnection::OnFindComplete m_on_complete;

    GC::Ref<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer> m_timer;
};

GC_DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(ElementLocator);

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-find
void WebDriverConnection::find(Web::WebDriver::LocationStrategy location_strategy, ByteString selector, GetStartNode get_start_node, OnFindComplete on_complete)
{
    auto& realm = current_browsing_context().active_document()->realm();

    // 1. Let location strategy be equal to using.
    // 2. Let selector be equal to value.

    // 3. Let timeout be session's session timeouts' implicit wait timeout.
    auto timeout = m_timeouts_configuration.implicit_wait_timeout;

    // 4. Let timer be a new timer.
    auto timer = realm.create<Web::WebDriver::HeapTimer>();

    auto wrapped_on_complete = GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [this, on_complete, timer](Web::WebDriver::Response result) {
        m_element_locator = nullptr;
        timer->stop();

        on_complete->function()(move(result));
    });

    // 5. If timeout is not null:
    if (timeout.has_value()) {
        // 1. Start the timer with timer and timeout.
        timer->start(*timeout, GC::create_function(realm.heap(), [wrapped_on_complete]() {
            wrapped_on_complete->function()({ JsonArray {} });
        }));
    }

    // 6. Let elements returned be an empty List.
    // 7. While elements returned is empty and timer's timeout fired flag is not set:
    m_element_locator = realm.create<ElementLocator>(current_browsing_context(), location_strategy, move(selector), get_start_node, wrapped_on_complete, timer);
    m_element_locator->search_for_element();
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-extract-the-script-arguments-from-a-request
ErrorOr<WebDriverConnection::ScriptArguments, Web::WebDriver::Error> WebDriverConnection::extract_the_script_arguments_from_a_request(JS::VM& vm, JsonValue const& payload)
{
    // Creating JSON objects below requires an execution context.
    Web::HTML::TemporaryExecutionContext execution_context { current_browsing_context().active_document()->realm() };

    // 1. Let script be the result of getting a property named script from the parameters.
    // 2. If script is not a String, return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto script = TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property(payload, "script"sv));

    // 3. Let args be the result of getting a property named args from the parameters.
    // 4. If args is not an Array return error with error code invalid argument.
    auto const& args = *TRY(Web::WebDriver::get_property<JsonArray const*>(payload, "args"sv));

    // 5. Let arguments be the result of calling the JSON deserialize algorithm with arguments args.
    GC::MarkedVector<JS::Value> arguments { vm.heap() };
    auto& browsing_context = current_browsing_context();

    TRY(args.try_for_each([&](JsonValue const& arg) -> ErrorOr<void, Web::WebDriver::Error> {
        auto deserialized = TRY(Web::WebDriver::json_deserialize(browsing_context, arg));
        arguments.append(deserialized);

        return {};
    }));

    // 6. Return success with data script and arguments.
    return ScriptArguments { move(script), move(arguments) };
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-delete-cookies
void WebDriverConnection::delete_cookies(Optional<StringView> const& name)
{
    // For each cookie among all associated cookies of the current browsing context’s active document, un the substeps of the first matching condition:
    auto* document = current_browsing_context().active_document();

    for (auto& cookie : current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_request_all_cookies(document->url())) {
        // -> name is undefined
        // -> name is equal to cookie name
        if (!name.has_value() || name.value() == cookie.name) {
            // Set the cookie expiry time to a Unix timestamp in the past.
            cookie.expiry_time = UnixDateTime::earliest();
            current_browsing_context().page().client().page_did_update_cookie(move(cookie));
        }
        // -> Otherwise
        //    Do nothing.
    }
}

// https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-calculate-the-absolute-position
Gfx::IntPoint WebDriverConnection::calculate_absolute_position_of_element(GC::Ref<Web::Geometry::DOMRect> rect)
{
    // 1. Let rect be the value returned by calling getBoundingClientRect().

    // 2. Let window be the associated window of current top-level browsing context.
    auto const* window = current_top_level_browsing_context()->active_window();

    // 3. Let x be (scrollX of window + rect’s x coordinate).
    auto x = (window ? static_cast<int>(window->scroll_x()) : 0) + static_cast<int>(rect->x());

    // 4. Let y be (scrollY of window + rect’s y coordinate).
    auto y = (window ? static_cast<int>(window->scroll_y()) : 0) + static_cast<int>(rect->y());

    // 5. Return a pair of (x, y).
    return { x, y };
}

Gfx::IntRect WebDriverConnection::calculate_absolute_rect_of_element(Web::DOM::Element const& element)
{
    auto bounding_rect = element.get_bounding_client_rect();
    auto coordinates = calculate_absolute_position_of_element(bounding_rect);

    return {
        coordinates.x(),
        coordinates.y(),
        static_cast<int>(bounding_rect->width()),
        static_cast<int>(bounding_rect->height())
    };
}

}