AK+Kernel: Eliminate UB (signed overflow) from days_since_epoch

Author: https://github.com/BenWiederhake
Commit: https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity/commit/3334cf675a
Pull-request: https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity/pull/16760
Reviewed-by: https://github.com/nico ✅
Reviewed-by: https://github.com/trflynn89 ✅

AK/Time.h

@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ namespace Detail {
 // Integer division rounding towards negative infinity.
 // TODO: This feels like there should be an easier way to do this.
 template<int divisor>
-constexpr int floor_div_by(int dividend)
+constexpr i64 floor_div_by(i64 dividend)
 {
-    static_assert(divisor >= 1);
+    static_assert(divisor > 1);
     int is_negative = dividend < 0;
     return (dividend + is_negative) / divisor - is_negative;
 }
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ constexpr int floor_div_by(int dividend)
 // Counts how many integers n are in the interval [begin, end) with n % positive_mod == 0.
 // NOTE: "end" is not considered to be part of the range, hence "[begin, end)".
 template<int positive_mod>
-constexpr int mod_zeros_in_range(int begin, int end)
+constexpr i64 mod_zeros_in_range(i64 begin, i64 end)
 {
     return floor_div_by<positive_mod>(end - 1) - floor_div_by<positive_mod>(begin - 1);
 }
 }
 
-constexpr int years_to_days_since_epoch(int year)
+constexpr i64 years_to_days_since_epoch(int year)
 {
     int begin_year, end_year, leap_sign;
     if (year < 1970) {
@@ -98,17 +98,18 @@ constexpr int years_to_days_since_epoch(int year)
         end_year = year;
         leap_sign = +1;
     }
+    i64 year_i64 = year;
     // This duplicates the logic of 'is_leap_year', with the advantage of not needing any loops.
     // Given that the definition of leap years is not expected to change, this should be a good trade-off.
-    int days = 365 * (year - 1970);
-    int extra_leap_days = 0;
+    i64 days = 365 * (year_i64 - 1970);
+    i64 extra_leap_days = 0;
     extra_leap_days += Detail::mod_zeros_in_range<4>(begin_year, end_year);
     extra_leap_days -= Detail::mod_zeros_in_range<100>(begin_year, end_year);
     extra_leap_days += Detail::mod_zeros_in_range<400>(begin_year, end_year);
     return days + extra_leap_days * leap_sign;
 }
 
-constexpr int days_since_epoch(int year, int month, int day)
+constexpr i64 days_since_epoch(int year, int month, int day)
 {
     return years_to_days_since_epoch(year) + day_of_year(year, month, day);
 }

Kernel/Arch/x86_64/RTC.cpp

@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ time_t now()
 
     dmesgln("RTC: {} Year: {}, month: {}, day: {}, hour: {}, minute: {}, second: {}", (did_read_rtc_successfully ? "" : "(failed to read)"), year, month, day, hour, minute, second);
 
-    time_t days_since_epoch = years_to_days_since_epoch(year) + day_of_year(year, month, day);
-    return ((days_since_epoch * 24 + hour) * 60 + minute) * 60 + second;
+    time_t days = days_since_epoch(year, month, day);
+    return ((days * 24 + hour) * 60 + minute) * 60 + second;
 }
 
 }

Tests/AK/TestTime.cpp

@@ -277,12 +277,12 @@ TEST_CASE(is_negative)
 
 struct YearAndDays {
     int year;
-    int days;
+    i64 days;
 };
 
 TEST_CASE(years_to_days_since_epoch_points)
 {
-    Array<YearAndDays, 22> test_data = { {
+    Array<YearAndDays, 24> test_data = { {
         { 1969, -365 },
         { 1970, 0 },
         { 1971, 365 },
@@ -306,11 +306,14 @@ TEST_CASE(years_to_days_since_epoch_points)
         { 5881474, 2147444740 },
         // Very important year: https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity/pull/16760#issuecomment-1369054745
         { -999999, -365961662 },
+        // The following two values haven't been verified by any other algorithm, but are very close to "year * 365.2425", and prove that there is no UB due to signed overflow:
+        { 2147483647, 784351576412 },
+        { -2147483648, -784353015833 },
     } };
     for (auto entry : test_data) {
         int year = entry.year;
-        int expected_days = entry.days;
-        int actual_days = years_to_days_since_epoch(year);
+        i64 expected_days = entry.days;
+        i64 actual_days = years_to_days_since_epoch(year);
         EXPECT_EQ(actual_days, expected_days);
     }
 }
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ BENCHMARK_CASE(years_to_days_since_epoch_benchmark)
 {
     // This benchmark takes consistently "0ms" on Linux, and "0ms" on Serenity.
     for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
-        int actual_days = years_to_days_since_epoch(-5877640);
+        i64 actual_days = years_to_days_since_epoch(-5877640);
         (void)actual_days;
         EXPECT_EQ(actual_days, -2147483456);
     }
@@ -467,8 +470,8 @@ TEST_CASE(years_to_days_since_epoch_span)
     // clang-format on
     for (size_t offset = 0; offset < test_data.size(); ++offset) {
         int year = offset + test_data_start_year;
-        int expected_days = test_data[offset];
-        int actual_days = years_to_days_since_epoch(year);
+        i64 expected_days = test_data[offset];
+        i64 actual_days = years_to_days_since_epoch(year);
         EXPECT_EQ(actual_days, expected_days);
     }
 }