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        <title>Setup Pi-Hole as a Recursive DNS Server with Unbound</title>
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            <h1>Setup Pi-Hole as a Recursive DNS Server with Unbound</h1>
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          <h2>Installing and Configuring Unbound</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Run the following commands in a terminal window:
	<div class="codeBlock"># install unbound<br />
	sudo apt install unbound<br />
	# update root hints file<br />
	wget https://www.internic.net/domain/named.root -qO- | sudo tee /var/lib/unbound/root.hints<br />
	# edit unbound configuration<br />
	sudo nano /etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/pi-hole.conf</div>
	</li>
	<li>Paste the following configuration into pi-hole.conf
	<p>server:<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # If no logfile is specified, syslog is used<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # logfile: &quot;/var/log/unbound/unbound.log&quot;<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; verbosity: 0</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; interface: 127.0.0.1<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; port: 5335<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; do-ip4: yes<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; do-udp: yes<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; do-tcp: yes</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # May be set to yes if you have IPv6 connectivity<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; do-ip6: no</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # You want to leave this to no unless you have *native* IPv6. With 6to4 and<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # Terredo tunnels your web browser should favor IPv4 for the same reasons<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; prefer-ip6: no</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Use this only when you downloaded the list of primary root servers!<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # If you use the default dns-root-data package, unbound will find it automatically<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; #root-hints: &quot;/var/lib/unbound/root.hints&quot;</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Trust glue only if it is within the server&#39;s authority<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; harden-glue: yes</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Require DNSSEC data for trust-anchored zones, if such data is absent, the zone becomes BOGUS<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; harden-dnssec-stripped: yes</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Don&#39;t use Capitalization randomization as it known to cause DNSSEC issues sometimes<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # see https://discourse.pi-hole.net/t/unbound-stubby-or-dnscrypt-proxy/9378 for further details<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; use-caps-for-id: no</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Reduce EDNS reassembly buffer size.<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # Suggested by the unbound man page to reduce fragmentation reassembly problems<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; edns-buffer-size: 1472</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Perform prefetching of close to expired message cache entries<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; # This only applies to domains that have been frequently queried<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; prefetch: yes</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # One thread should be sufficient, can be increased on beefy machines. In reality for most users running on small networks or on a single machine, it should be unnecessary to seek performance enhancement by increasing num-threads above 1.<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; num-threads: 1</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Ensure kernel buffer is large enough to not lose messages in traffic spikes<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; so-rcvbuf: 1m</p>

	<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; # Ensure privacy of local IP ranges<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; private-address: 192.168.0.0/16<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; private-address: 169.254.0.0/16<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; private-address: 172.16.0.0/12<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; private-address: 10.0.0.0/8<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; private-address: fd00::/8<br />
	&nbsp; &nbsp; private-address: fe80::/10</p>
	</li>
	<li>Press CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X to write the changes to pi-hole.conf</li>
	<li>Continue with the following commands in terminal
	<div class="codeBlock"># restart the unbound service<br />
	sudo service unbound restart<br />
	# test a DNS lookup via unbound<br />
	dig github.io @127.0.0.1 -p 5335</div>
	</li>
	<li>Back in the web browser, navigate back to the Pi-Hole web interface</li>
	<li>Log in if you are not already</li>
	<li>Select Settings &gt; DNS</li>
	<li>Uncheck any of the previously selected upstream DNS servers</li>
	<li>Check the box next to Custom 1 (IPv4)</li>
	<li>Enter 127.0.0.1#5335 as the address</li>
	<li>Scroll down and click the Save button</li>
</ol>

<h2>Testing the Changes</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Open a new tab in the web browser and navigate to https://yahoo.com</li>
	<li>Go back into Pi-Hole and select Query Log from the left navigation</li>
	<li>Filter the results on www.yahoo.com</li>
	<li>You should see entries showing the DNS requests forwarding to localhost#5335</li>
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