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        <title>Add Debian/Ubuntu Linux Device to Windows Active Directory</title>
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            <h1>Add Debian/Ubuntu Linux Device to Windows Active Directory</h1>
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          <h2>Installing Pre-Requesites and Configuration</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Log into the Debian device and run the following commands in terminal:
	<div class="codeBlock">sudo apt-get update<br />
	# set the fully qualified host name<br />
	sudo hostnamectl set-hostname nettools.i12bretro.local<br />
	# confirm or add domain controller to DNS entries<br />
	sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf<br />
	sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved<br />
	sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved<br />
	sudo apt-get upgrade<br />
	# install required packages<br />
	sudo apt -y install realmd libnss-sss libpam-sss sssd sssd-tools adcli samba-common-bin oddjob oddjob-mkhomedir packagekit<br />
	sudo realm discover i12bretro.local</div>
	</li>
	<li>Paste the following text into /etc/krb5.conf
	<div class="codeBlock">[libdefaults]<br />
	 dns_lookup_realm = false<br />
	 ticket_lifetime = 24h<br />
	 renew_lifetime = 7d<br />
	 forwardable = true<br />
	 rdns = false<br />
	 default_realm = I12BRETRO.LOCAL<br />
	 default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}</div>
	</li>
	<li>Press CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X to write the changes to /etc/krb5.conf</li>
	<li>Continue with the following commands in terminal:
	<div class="codeBlock">sudo realm join -U i12bretro i12bretro.local<br />
	# check the configured value of the domain<br />
	sudo realm list</div>
	</li>
	<li>Paste the following lines into terminal together to enable automatically creating user home directories:
	<div class="codeBlock">sudo bash -c &quot;cat &gt; /usr/share/pam-configs/mkhomedir&quot; &lt;&lt;EOF<br />
	Name: activate mkhomedir<br />
	Default: yes<br />
	Priority: 900<br />
	Session-Type: Additional<br />
	Session:<br />
	required pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0022 skel=/etc/skel<br />
	EOF</div>
	</li>
	<li>Continue with the following commands in terminal:
	<div class="codeBlock">sudo pam-auth-update</div>
	</li>
	<li>Arrow down to activate mkhomedir &gt; Press spacebar to select &gt; Press Enter to confirm</li>
	<li>Run one or more of the following commands in terminal to grant active directory users or groups access to log into the linux machine:
	<div class="codeBlock"># add specific user(s )<br />
	realm permit user1@i12bretro.local user2@i12bretro.local<br />
	# add specific group(s)<br />
	sudo realm permit -g &#39;LinuxUsers&#39; &#39;Linux Admins&#39;<br />
	# add everyone<br />
	sudo realm permit --all<br />
	# deny everyone<br />
	sudo realm  deny --all</div>
	</li>
	<li>Similarly, run the following command to edit /etc/sudoers.d/domain_admins to add specific users or groups to the sudoers file:
	<div class="codeBlock">sudo nano /etc/sudoers.d/domain_admins<br />
	# add specific user(s )<br />
	user1@i12bretro.local     ALL=(ALL)   ALL<br />
	user2@i12bretro.local     ALL=(ALL)   ALL<br />
	# add specific group(s)<br />
	%LinuxUsers@i12bretro.local       ALL=(ALL)   ALL<br />
	%Linux\ Admins@i12bretro.local     ALL=(ALL)   ALL</div>
	</li>
	<li>Press CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X to write the changes to /etc/sudoers.d/domain_admins</li>
</ol>

<h2>Testing Active Directory Authentication</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Attempt to login to the Debian device either into a desktop environment or via SSH. The user name must be formatted like user1@i12bretro.local and the password will be the active directory password</li>
</ol>

<p>Additonal reading: <a href="https://computingforgeeks.com/join-ubuntu-debian-to-active-directory-ad-domain/" target="_blank">https://computingforgeeks.com/join-ubuntu-debian-to-active-directory-ad-domain/</a></p>
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