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            <h1>Creating and Applying SSL Certificate to Apache HTTPD</h1>
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          <p>This is part four of a series of creating your own self-signed PKI and some ways to utilize the PKI to setup SSL for your web server or create your own OpenVPN server.</p>

<p>Disclaimer: I am not a security expert. This is just the easiest way I have found to create and utilize SSL for my homelab services.</p>

<h2>Create Your SSL Certificate</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Launch XCA</li>
	<li>Open the PKI database if it is not already (File &gt; Open DataBase), enter password</li>
	<li>Click on the Certificates tab, right click on your Intermediate CA certificate</li>
	<li>Select New</li>
	<li>On the Source tab, make sure Use this Certificate for signing is selected</li>
	<li>Verify your Intermediate CA certificate is selected from the drop down</li>
	<li>Click the Subject tab</li>
	<li>Complete the Distinguished Name section
	<p>internalName: WebDev SSL<br />
	countryName: US<br />
	stateOrProvinceName: Virginia<br />
	localityName: Northern<br />
	organizationName: i12bretro<br />
	organizationUnitName: i12bretro Certificate Authority<br />
	commonName: webdev.i12bretro.local</p>
	</li>
	<li>Click the Generate a New Key button</li>
	<li>Enter a name and set the key size to at least 2048</li>
	<li>Click Create</li>
	<li>Click on the Extensions tab</li>
	<li>Select End Entity from the type list</li>
	<li>Click Edit next to Subject Alternative Name</li>
	<li>Add any DNS or IP addresses that the certificate will identify</li>
	<li>Update the validity dates to fit your needs</li>
	<li>Click the Key Usage tab</li>
	<li>Under Key Usage select Digital Signature, Key Enchiperment</li>
	<li>Under Extended Key Usage select Web Server and Web Client Authentication</li>
	<li>Click the Netscape tab</li>
	<li>Select SSL Server</li>
	<li>Click OK to create the certificate</li>
</ol>

<h2>Exporting Required Files</h2>

<ol>
	<li>In XCA, click on the Certificates tab</li>
	<li>Right click the Intermediate CA certificate &gt; Export &gt; File</li>
	<li>Set the file name with a .crt extension and verify the export format is PEM chain (*.pem)</li>
	<li>Click OK</li>
	<li>Right click the SSL certificate &gt; Export &gt; File</li>
	<li>Set the file name with a .crt extension and verify the export format is PEM (*.crt)</li>
	<li>Click OK</li>
	<li>Click the Private Keys tab</li>
	<li>Right click the private key generated for the SSL certificate &gt; Export &gt; File</li>
	<li>Set the file name with a .key extension and verify the export format is PEM private (*.pem)</li>
	<li>Click OK</li>
</ol>

<h2>Setting Up Apache For SSL</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Navigate to <apacheinstalldir>/conf</apacheinstalldir></li>
	<li>Create a certs directory if it does not exist</li>
	<li>Copy the exported SSL certificate, private key and certificate chain files to <apacheinstalldir>/conf/certs</apacheinstalldir></li>
	<li>Edit <apacheinstalldir>/conf/httpd.conf</apacheinstalldir></li>
	<li>At the bottom of the file add a VirtualHost block
	<p>Listen 443<br />
	&lt;virtualhost :443&gt;<br />
	SSLEngine on<br />
	SSLProtocol -All +TLSv1.2 +TLSv1.3<br />
	SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5<br />
	SSLCertificateFile /conf/certs/%ssl.crt file%<br />
	SSLCertificateKeyFile /conf/certs/%ssl.key file%<br />
	SSLCertificateChainFile /conf/certs/%ssl-chain.crt file%<br />
	&lt;/virtualhost&gt;</p>
	</li>
	<li>Restart the Apache Service</li>
	<li>Open a web browser</li>
	<li>Navigate to https://DNSorIP from your certificate</li>
	<li>Click the lock and select view certificate</li>
	<li>Validate the certificate and certificate chain being presented by Apache HTTPD</li>
</ol>
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