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+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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+ <head>
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+ <title>Self-Hosted ACME (Automated Certificate Management Environment) Server with Step-CA on Linux</title>
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+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
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+ <meta name="keywords" content="Self-Hosted ACME Server,Self-Hosted Let's Encrypt,Let's Encrypt Alternative,Home Lab,Home Lab Ideas,Install Guide,Self-Hosted,Self-Signed SSL,Self-Signed PKI,Self-Signed HTTPS,Self-Signed Certificate,Public Key Infrastructure,Public Key User Interface,SSL Certificates,Self-Signed,PKI,Linux,IT Security,HTTPS,Debian,Encryption,Certificates,Certificate Authority,Let's Encrypt,ACME,How To,Tutorial,i12bretro">
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+ <meta name="author" content="i12bretro">
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+ <meta name="description" content="Self-Hosted ACME (Automated Certificate Management Environment) Server with Step-CA on Linux">
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+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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+ <meta name="revised" content="05/06/2022 12:46:52 PM" />
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+ <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="includes/favicon.ico">
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+ <script type="text/javascript" src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
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+ <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/js/steps.js"></script>
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+ <link href="css/steps.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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+ </head>
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+ <body>
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+ <div id="gridContainer">
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+ <div class="topMargin"></div>
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+ <div id="listName" class="topMargin">
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+ <h1>Self-Hosted ACME (Automated Certificate Management Environment) Server with Step-CA on Linux</h1>
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+ </div>
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+ <div></div>
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+ <div id="content">
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+ <h2>What is Step-CA?</h2>
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+
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+<blockquote><em>[Step-CA is] a private certificate authority (X.509 & SSH) & ACME server for secure automated certificate management, so you can use TLS everywhere & SSO for SSH. -<a href="https://github.com/smallstep/certificates" target="_blank">https://github.com/smallstep/certificates</a></em></blockquote>
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+
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+<h2>Installing Step-CA and Step-CLI</h2>
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+
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+<ol>
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+ <li>Log into the Linux device</li>
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+ <li>Run the following commands in a terminal
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+ <div class="codeBlock"># update software repositories<br />
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+ sudo apt update<br />
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+ # install available software updates<br />
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+ sudo apt upgrade -y<br />
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+ # clean up downloaded apt files<br />
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+ sudo apt clean<br />
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+ # lookup latest steps-ca release URL<br />
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+ regex='"browser_download_url": "(https:\/\/github.com\/smallstep\/certificates\/releases\/download\/[^/]*\/step-ca_[^/]*amd64\.deb)"' && response=$(curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" https://api.github.com/repos/smallstep/certificates/releases/latest) && [[ $response =~ $regex ]] && downloadURL="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"<br />
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+ # download steps-ca server<br />
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+ wget -O ./steps-ca.deb $downloadURL<br />
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+ # install steps-ca server<br />
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+ sudo dpkg -i ./steps-ca.deb<br />
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+ # lookup latest steps-cli release URL<br />
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+ regex='"browser_download_url": "(https:\/\/github.com\/smallstep\/cli\/releases\/download\/[^/]*\/step-cli_[^/]*amd64\.deb)"' && response=$(curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" https://api.github.com/repos/smallstep/cli/releases/latest) && [[ $response =~ $regex ]] && downloadURL="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"<br />
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+ # download steps-cli client<br />
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+ wget -O ./steps-cli.deb $downloadURL<br />
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+ # install steps-cli client<br />
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+ sudo dpkg -i ./steps-cli.deb<br />
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+ # create the /etc/step-ca directory<br />
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+ sudo mkdir /etc/step-ca<br />
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+ # elevate to root user<br />
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+ sudo su<br />
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+ # set the step-ca path<br />
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+ export STEPPATH=/etc/step-ca<span style="display: none;"> </span></div>
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+ </li>
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+</ol>
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+
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+<h2>Initialize A New Certificate Authority</h2>
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+
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+<ol>
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+ <li>Continue with the following commands in a terminal
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+ <div class="codeBlock"># initilize a CA<br />
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+ step ca init</div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>Select standalone > press Enter</li>
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+ <li>Enter a name for the PKI/Certificate Authority [ie i12bretro Certificate Authority] > Press Enter</li>
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+ <li>Enter the IP address and/or DNS name of the Step-CA host [ie debian.i12bretro.local,192.168.0.57] > Press Enter</li>
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+ <li>Enter the port for Step-CA to listen on [ie :8443] > Press Enter</li>
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+ <li>Enter a first provisioner e-mail address [ie i12bretro@i12bretro.local] > Press Enter</li>
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+ <li>Enter a password for the CA or leave it blank to have a password generated > Press Enter</li>
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+</ol>
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+
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+<h2>Installing Step-CA Service/Daemon</h2>
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+
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+<ol>
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+ <li>Continue with the following commands in a terminal
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+ <div class="codeBlock"># add ACME provisioner<br />
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+ step ca provisioner add acme --type ACME<br />
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+ # exit root shell<br />
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+ exit<br />
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+ # create password.txt, replace with the CA password<br />
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+ echo '$YourCAPassword!!' | sudo tee -a /etc/step-ca/password.txt > /dev/null<br />
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+ # create step-ca user<br />
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+ sudo useradd --system --home /etc/step-ca --shell /bin/false step-ca<br />
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+ # set ownership of /etc/step-ca<br />
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+ sudo chown step-ca:step-ca /etc/step-ca -R<br />
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+ # limit permissions on the password.txt file<br />
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+ sudo chmod 400 /etc/step-ca/password.txt<br />
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+ # create step-ca log directory<br />
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+ sudo mkdir /var/log/step-ca -p<br />
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+ # set ownership of step-ca logs<br />
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+ sudo chown step-ca:step-ca /var/log/step-ca -R<br />
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+ # edit the ca configuration<br />
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+ sudo nano /etc/step-ca/config/ca.json<span style="display: none;"> </span></div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>By default, step-ca certificates are only valid for 24 hours. To adjust this, paste the following inside each of the provisioners sections of the ca.json configuration file and adjust the values as needed<span style="display: none;"> </span>
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+ <p>"claims": {<br />
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+ "maxTLSCertDuration":"26280h",<br />
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+ "defaultTLSCertDuration":"8760h"<br />
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+ },</p>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>Press CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X to write the changes and close nano</li>
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+ <li>Continue with the following commands in a terminal
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+ <div class="codeBlock"># create service file<br />
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+ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/step-ca.service</div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>Paste the following configuration into step-ca.service
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+ <p>[Unit]<br />
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+ Description=step-ca service<br />
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+ After=network.target<br />
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+ StartLimitIntervalSec=0</p>
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+
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+ <p>[Service]<br />
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+ Type=simple<br />
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+ Restart=always<br />
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+ RestartSec=1<br />
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+ User=step-ca<br />
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+ Group=step-ca<br />
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+ Environment=STEPPATH=/etc/step-ca<br />
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+ ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/step-ca ${STEPPATH}/config/ca.json --password-file=${STEPPATH}/password.txt >> /var/log/step-ca/step-ca.log 2>&1"</p>
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+
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+ <p>[Install]<br />
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+ WantedBy=multi-user.target</p>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>Press CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X to write the changes and close nano</li>
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+ <li>Continue with the following commands to enable and start the service:
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+ <div class="codeBlock"># reload systemd services<br />
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+ sudo systemctl daemon-reload<br />
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+ # start step-ca service on boot and now<br />
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+ sudo systemctl enable step-ca --now</div>
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+ </li>
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+</ol>
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+
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+<h2>Automating Certificate Requests</h2>
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+
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+<ol>
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+ <li>Log into the server needing to request a certificate</li>
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+ <li>Continue following commands in a terminal window
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+ <div class="codeBlock"># copy the step-ca root certificate to trusted certs<br />
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+ sudo cp /etc/step-ca/certs/root_ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/<br />
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+ # copy the step-ca intermediate certificate to trusted certs<br />
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+ sudo cp /etc/step-ca/certs/intermediate_ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/<br />
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+ # update ca certs<br />
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+ sudo update-ca-certificates<br />
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+ # remove apt version of certbot if installed<br />
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+ sudo apt remove certbot -y<br />
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+ # install snapd<br />
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+ sudo apt install snapd -y<br />
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+ # install snap core and update<br />
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+ sudo snap install core; sudo snap refresh core<br />
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+ # install certbot snap<br />
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+ sudo snap install --classic certbot<br />
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+ # create certbot symbolic link<br />
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+ sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot<br />
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+ # request the certificate<br />
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+ sudo REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/etc/step-ca/certs/root_ca.crt certbot certonly --standalone -d <%host%> --server https://<%step-ca-host%>:<%step-ca-port%>/acme/acme/directory</div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>When prompted, enter an email address and agree to the terms of service</li>
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+ <li>Choose whether to share your email and receive emails from certbot</li>
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+ <li>Certbot will output information regarding the location of the certificate files</li>
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+</ol>
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+
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+<p>Sources: <a href="https://smallstep.com/docs/step-ca/installation" target="_blank">https://smallstep.com/docs/step-ca/installation</a><br />
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+<a href="https://certbot.eff.org/instructions?ws=other&os=debianbuster" target="_blank">https://certbot.eff.org/instructions?ws=other&os=debianbuster</a><br />
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+<a href="https://smallstep.com/docs/tutorials/acme-challenge/" target="_blank">https://smallstep.com/docs/tutorials/acme-challenge/</a></p> </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </body>
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+ </html>
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+
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i12bretro