diff --git a/builder/dockerfile/dispatchers.go b/builder/dockerfile/dispatchers.go
index 585d5fe033..7183042012 100644
--- a/builder/dockerfile/dispatchers.go
+++ b/builder/dockerfile/dispatchers.go
@@ -348,9 +348,16 @@ func dispatchRun(ctx context.Context, d dispatchRequest, c *instructions.RunComm
 		saveCmd = prependEnvOnCmd(d.state.buildArgs, buildArgs, cmdFromArgs)
 	}
 
+	cacheArgsEscaped := argsEscaped
+	// ArgsEscaped is not persisted in the committed image on Windows.
+	// Use the original from previous build steps for cache probing.
+	if d.state.operatingSystem == "windows" {
+		cacheArgsEscaped = stateRunConfig.ArgsEscaped
+	}
+
 	runConfigForCacheProbe := copyRunConfig(stateRunConfig,
 		withCmd(saveCmd),
-		withArgsEscaped(argsEscaped),
+		withArgsEscaped(cacheArgsEscaped),
 		withEntrypointOverride(saveCmd, nil))
 	if hit, err := d.builder.probeCache(d.state, runConfigForCacheProbe); err != nil || hit {
 		return err