Add missing docs about binary remote contexts

This feature was added in docker 1.8, through
7491f9a9c11ad3fd3b587fa6f7e53b297b3b88c7.

However, the API docs ended up in the wrong
API version (1.19 instead of 1.20), so were
never included in future API docs.

Also, the CLI docs got lost during splitting
up the cli.md docs into separate files;
561bfb268de3c674b04d48895b7e46ae890ef795

This moves the API docs to the correct
versions, and restores the CLI documentation.

Signed-off-by: Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.19.md

@@ -1252,13 +1252,9 @@ or being killed.
         ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
--   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
-        URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
-        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
-        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
-        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
-        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
+-   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS URI build source. If the
+        URI specifies a filename, the file's contents are placed into a file
+        called `Dockerfile`.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.20.md

@@ -1375,13 +1375,17 @@ or being killed.
 
 **Query parameters**:
 
--   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the Dockerfile. This is
-        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
+-   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the `Dockerfile`. This is
+        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an external `Dockerfile`.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
 -   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
         URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file.
+        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
+        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
+        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
+        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
+        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.21.md

@@ -1453,14 +1453,18 @@ or being killed.
 
 **Query parameters**:
 
--   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the Dockerfile. This is
-        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
+-   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the `Dockerfile`. This is
+        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an external `Dockerfile`.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
         You can provide one or more `t` parameters.
 -   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
         URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file.
+        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
+        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
+        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
+        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
+        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.22.md

@@ -1630,14 +1630,18 @@ or being killed.
 
 **Query parameters**:
 
--   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the Dockerfile. This is
-        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
+-   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the `Dockerfile`. This is
+        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an external `Dockerfile`.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
         You can provide one or more `t` parameters.
 -   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
         URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file.
+        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
+        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
+        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
+        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
+        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.23.md

@@ -1663,14 +1663,18 @@ or being killed.
 
 **Query parameters**:
 
--   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the Dockerfile. This is
-        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
+-   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the `Dockerfile`. This is
+        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an external `Dockerfile`.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
         You can provide one or more `t` parameters.
 -   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
         URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file.
+        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
+        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
+        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
+        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
+        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.24.md

@@ -1664,14 +1664,18 @@ or being killed.
 
 **Query parameters**:
 
--   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the Dockerfile. This is
-        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
+-   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the `Dockerfile`. This is
+        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an external `Dockerfile`.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
         You can provide one or more `t` parameters.
 -   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
         URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file.
+        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
+        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
+        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
+        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
+        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/api/docker_remote_api_v1.25.md

@@ -1669,14 +1669,18 @@ or being killed.
 
 **Query parameters**:
 
--   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the Dockerfile. This is
-        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an individual filename.
+-   **dockerfile** - Path within the build context to the `Dockerfile`. This is
+        ignored if `remote` is specified and points to an external `Dockerfile`.
 -   **t** – A name and optional tag to apply to the image in the `name:tag` format.
         If you omit the `tag` the default `latest` value is assumed.
         You can provide one or more `t` parameters.
 -   **remote** – A Git repository URI or HTTP/HTTPS context URI. If the
         URI points to a single text file, the file's contents are placed into
-        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file.
+        a file called `Dockerfile` and the image is built from that file. If
+        the URI points to a tarball, the file is downloaded by the daemon and
+        the contents therein used as the context for the build. If the URI
+        points to a tarball and the `dockerfile` parameter is also specified,
+        there must be a file with the corresponding path inside the tarball.
 -   **q** – Suppress verbose build output.
 -   **nocache** – Do not use the cache when building the image.
 -   **pull** - Attempt to pull the image even if an older image exists locally.

docs/reference/commandline/build.md

@@ -49,13 +49,18 @@ to any of the files in the context. For example, your build can use an
 [*ADD*](../builder.md#add) instruction to reference a file in the
 context.
 
-The `URL` parameter can specify the location of a Git repository; the repository
-acts as the build context. The system recursively clones the repository and its
-submodules using a `git clone --depth 1 --recursive` command. This command runs
-in a temporary directory on your local host. After the command succeeds, the
-directory is sent to the Docker daemon as the context. Local clones give you the
-ability to access private repositories using local user credentials, VPNs, and
-so forth.
+The `URL` parameter can refer to three kinds of resources: Git repositories,
+pre-packaged tarball contexts and plain text files.
+
+### Git repositories
+
+When the `URL` parameter points to the location of a Git repository, the
+repository acts as the build context. The system recursively clones the
+repository and its submodules using a `git clone --depth 1 --recursive`
+command. This command runs in a temporary directory on your local host. After
+the command succeeds, the directory is sent to the Docker daemon as the
+context. Local clones give you the ability to access private repositories using
+local user credentials, VPN's, and so forth.
 
 Git URLs accept context configuration in their fragment section, separated by a
 colon `:`.  The first part represents the reference that Git will check out,
@@ -84,9 +89,29 @@ Build Syntax Suffix             | Commit Used           | Build Context Used
 `myrepo.git#mybranch:myfolder`  | `refs/heads/mybranch` | `/myfolder`
 `myrepo.git#abcdef:myfolder`    | `sha1 = abcdef`       | `/myfolder`
 
+
+### Tarball contexts
+
+If you pass an URL to a remote tarball, the URL itself is sent to the daemon:
+
 Instead of specifying a context, you can pass a single Dockerfile in the `URL`
 or pipe the file in via `STDIN`. To pipe a Dockerfile from `STDIN`:
 
+```bash
+$ docker build http://server/context.tar.gz
+
+The download operation will be performed on the host the Docker daemon is
+running on, which is not necessarily the same host from which the build command
+is being issued. The Docker daemon will fetch `context.tar.gz` and use it as the
+build context. Tarball contexts must be tar archives conforming to the standard
+`tar` UNIX format and can be compressed with any one of the 'xz', 'bzip2',
+'gzip' or 'identity' (no compression) formats.
+
+### Text files
+
+Instead of specifying a context, you can pass a single `Dockerfile` in the
+`URL` or pipe the file in via `STDIN`. To pipe a `Dockerfile` from `STDIN`:
+
 ```bash
 $ docker build - < Dockerfile
 ```
@@ -97,16 +122,16 @@ With Powershell on Windows, you can run:
 Get-Content Dockerfile | docker build -
 ```
 
-If you use STDIN or specify a `URL`, the system places the contents into a file
-called `Dockerfile`, and any `-f`, `--file` option is ignored. In this
-scenario, there is no context.
+If you use `STDIN` or specify a `URL` pointing to a plain text file, the system
+places the contents into a file called `Dockerfile`, and any `-f`, `--file`
+option is ignored. In this scenario, there is no context.
 
 By default the `docker build` command will look for a `Dockerfile` at the root
 of the build context. The `-f`, `--file`, option lets you specify the path to
 an alternative file to use instead. This is useful in cases where the same set
 of files are used for multiple builds. The path must be to a file within the
-build context. If a relative path is specified then it must to be relative to
-the current directory.
+build context. If a relative path is specified then it is interpreted as
+relative to the root of the context.
 
 In most cases, it's best to put each Dockerfile in an empty directory. Then,
 add to that directory only the files needed for building the Dockerfile. To
@@ -199,9 +224,32 @@ $ docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox
 ```
 
 This will clone the GitHub repository and use the cloned repository as context.
-The Dockerfile at the root of the repository is used as Dockerfile. Note that
-you can specify an arbitrary Git repository by using the `git://` or `git@`
-scheme.
+The Dockerfile at the root of the repository is used as Dockerfile. You can
+specify an arbitrary Git repository by using the `git://` or `git@` scheme.
+
+```bash
+$ docker build -f ctx/Dockerfile http://server/ctx.tar.gz
+
+Downloading context: http://server/ctx.tar.gz [===================>]    240 B/240 B
+Step 0 : FROM busybox
+ ---> 8c2e06607696
+Step 1 : ADD ctx/container.cfg /
+ ---> e7829950cee3
+Removing intermediate container b35224abf821
+Step 2 : CMD /bin/ls
+ ---> Running in fbc63d321d73
+ ---> 3286931702ad
+Removing intermediate container fbc63d321d73
+Successfully built 377c409b35e4
+```
+
+This sends the URL `http://server/ctx.tar.gz` to the Docker daemon, which
+downloads and extracts the referenced tarball. The `-f ctx/Dockerfile`
+parameter specifies a path inside `ctx.tar.gz` to the `Dockerfile` that is used
+to build the image. Any `ADD` commands in that `Dockerfile` that refer to local
+paths must be relative to the root of the contents inside `ctx.tar.gz`. In the
+example above, the tarball contains a directory `ctx/`, so the `ADD
+ctx/container.cfg /` operation works as expected.
 
 ### Build with -