Dockerfile: remove APT_MIRROR build-arg
This option was originally added in 8ec8564691dc1ebf757c93fe51f6b64a8fcb49af,
at which time the upstream debian package repositories were not always
reliable, so using a mirror helped with CI stability and performance.
Debian's package repositories are a lot more reliable now, so there's no
longer a need to use a mirror.
Signed-off-by: Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>