ladybird/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Runtime/PrimitiveString.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2020, Andreas Kling <kling@serenityos.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2022, Linus Groh <linusg@serenityos.org>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include <AK/CharacterTypes.h>
#include <AK/Utf16View.h>
#include <AK/Utf8View.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/AbstractOperations.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/GlobalObject.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/PrimitiveString.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/PropertyKey.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/ThrowableStringBuilder.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/VM.h>
#include <LibJS/Runtime/Value.h>

namespace JS {

PrimitiveString::PrimitiveString(PrimitiveString& lhs, PrimitiveString& rhs)
    : m_is_rope(true)
    , m_lhs(&lhs)
    , m_rhs(&rhs)
{
}

PrimitiveString::PrimitiveString(String string)
    : m_utf8_string(move(string))
{
}

PrimitiveString::PrimitiveString(DeprecatedString string)
    : m_deprecated_string(move(string))
{
}

PrimitiveString::PrimitiveString(Utf16String string)
    : m_utf16_string(move(string))
{
}

PrimitiveString::~PrimitiveString()
{
    if (has_utf8_string())
        vm().string_cache().remove(*m_utf8_string);
    if (has_deprecated_string())
        vm().deprecated_string_cache().remove(*m_deprecated_string);
}

void PrimitiveString::visit_edges(Cell::Visitor& visitor)
{
    Cell::visit_edges(visitor);
    if (m_is_rope) {
        visitor.visit(m_lhs);
        visitor.visit(m_rhs);
    }
}

bool PrimitiveString::is_empty() const
{
    if (m_is_rope) {
        // NOTE: We never make an empty rope string.
        return false;
    }

    if (has_utf16_string())
        return m_utf16_string->is_empty();
    if (has_utf8_string())
        return m_utf8_string->is_empty();
    if (has_deprecated_string())
        return m_deprecated_string->is_empty();
    VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}

ThrowCompletionOr<String> PrimitiveString::utf8_string() const
{
    auto& vm = this->vm();
    TRY(resolve_rope_if_needed());

    if (!has_utf8_string()) {
        if (has_deprecated_string())
            m_utf8_string = TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, String::from_utf8(*m_deprecated_string));
        else if (has_utf16_string())
            m_utf8_string = TRY(m_utf16_string->to_utf8(vm));
        else
            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
    }

    return *m_utf8_string;
}

ThrowCompletionOr<StringView> PrimitiveString::utf8_string_view() const
{
    (void)TRY(utf8_string());
    return m_utf8_string->bytes_as_string_view();
}

ThrowCompletionOr<DeprecatedString> PrimitiveString::deprecated_string() const
{
    TRY(resolve_rope_if_needed());

    if (!has_deprecated_string()) {
        if (has_utf8_string())
            m_deprecated_string = m_utf8_string->to_deprecated_string();
        else if (has_utf16_string())
            m_deprecated_string = TRY(m_utf16_string->to_deprecated_string(vm()));
        else
            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
    }

    return *m_deprecated_string;
}

ThrowCompletionOr<Utf16String> PrimitiveString::utf16_string() const
{
    TRY(resolve_rope_if_needed());

    if (!has_utf16_string()) {
        if (has_utf8_string()) {
            m_utf16_string = TRY(Utf16String::create(vm(), m_utf8_string->bytes_as_string_view()));
        } else {
            VERIFY(has_deprecated_string());
            m_utf16_string = TRY(Utf16String::create(vm(), *m_deprecated_string));
        }
    }

    return *m_utf16_string;
}

ThrowCompletionOr<Utf16View> PrimitiveString::utf16_string_view() const
{
    (void)TRY(utf16_string());
    return m_utf16_string->view();
}

ThrowCompletionOr<Optional<Value>> PrimitiveString::get(VM& vm, PropertyKey const& property_key) const
{
    if (property_key.is_symbol())
        return Optional<Value> {};
    if (property_key.is_string()) {
        if (property_key.as_string() == vm.names.length.as_string()) {
            auto length = TRY(utf16_string()).length_in_code_units();
            return Value(static_cast<double>(length));
        }
    }
    auto index = canonical_numeric_index_string(property_key, CanonicalIndexMode::IgnoreNumericRoundtrip);
    if (!index.is_index())
        return Optional<Value> {};
    auto str = TRY(utf16_string_view());
    auto length = str.length_in_code_units();
    if (length <= index.as_index())
        return Optional<Value> {};
    return create(vm, TRY(Utf16String::create(vm, str.substring_view(index.as_index(), 1))));
}

NonnullGCPtr<PrimitiveString> PrimitiveString::create(VM& vm, Utf16String string)
{
    if (string.is_empty())
        return vm.empty_string();

    if (string.length_in_code_units() == 1) {
        u16 code_unit = string.code_unit_at(0);
        if (is_ascii(code_unit))
            return vm.single_ascii_character_string(static_cast<u8>(code_unit));
    }

    return vm.heap().allocate_without_realm<PrimitiveString>(move(string));
}

NonnullGCPtr<PrimitiveString> PrimitiveString::create(VM& vm, String string)
{
    if (string.is_empty())
        return vm.empty_string();

    if (auto bytes = string.bytes_as_string_view(); bytes.length() == 1) {
        auto ch = static_cast<u8>(bytes[0]);
        if (is_ascii(ch))
            return vm.single_ascii_character_string(ch);
    }

    auto& string_cache = vm.string_cache();
    if (auto it = string_cache.find(string); it != string_cache.end())
        return *it->value;

    auto new_string = vm.heap().allocate_without_realm<PrimitiveString>(string);
    string_cache.set(move(string), new_string);
    return *new_string;
}

NonnullGCPtr<PrimitiveString> PrimitiveString::create(VM& vm, DeprecatedString string)
{
    if (string.is_empty())
        return vm.empty_string();

    if (string.length() == 1) {
        auto ch = static_cast<u8>(string.characters()[0]);
        if (is_ascii(ch))
            return vm.single_ascii_character_string(ch);
    }

    auto& string_cache = vm.deprecated_string_cache();
    auto it = string_cache.find(string);
    if (it == string_cache.end()) {
        auto new_string = vm.heap().allocate_without_realm<PrimitiveString>(string);
        string_cache.set(move(string), new_string);
        return *new_string;
    }
    return *it->value;
}

NonnullGCPtr<PrimitiveString> PrimitiveString::create(VM& vm, PrimitiveString& lhs, PrimitiveString& rhs)
{
    // We're here to concatenate two strings into a new rope string.
    // However, if any of them are empty, no rope is required.

    bool lhs_empty = lhs.is_empty();
    bool rhs_empty = rhs.is_empty();

    if (lhs_empty && rhs_empty)
        return vm.empty_string();

    if (lhs_empty)
        return rhs;

    if (rhs_empty)
        return lhs;

    return vm.heap().allocate_without_realm<PrimitiveString>(lhs, rhs);
}

ThrowCompletionOr<void> PrimitiveString::resolve_rope_if_needed() const
{
    if (!m_is_rope)
        return {};

    auto& vm = this->vm();

    // NOTE: Special case for two concatenated UTF-16 strings.
    //       This is here as an optimization, although I'm unsure how valuable it is.
    if (m_lhs->has_utf16_string() && m_rhs->has_utf16_string()) {
        auto const& lhs_string = m_lhs->m_utf16_string.value();
        auto const& rhs_string = m_rhs->m_utf16_string.value();

        Utf16Data combined;
        TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, combined.try_ensure_capacity(lhs_string.length_in_code_units() + rhs_string.length_in_code_units()));
        combined.extend(lhs_string.string());
        combined.extend(rhs_string.string());

        m_utf16_string = TRY(Utf16String::create(vm, move(combined)));
        m_is_rope = false;
        m_lhs = nullptr;
        m_rhs = nullptr;
        return {};
    }

    // This vector will hold all the pieces of the rope that need to be assembled
    // into the resolved string.
    Vector<PrimitiveString const*> pieces;

    // NOTE: We traverse the rope tree without using recursion, since we'd run out of
    //       stack space quickly when handling a long sequence of unresolved concatenations.
    Vector<PrimitiveString const*> stack;
    TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, stack.try_append(m_rhs));
    TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, stack.try_append(m_lhs));
    while (!stack.is_empty()) {
        auto const* current = stack.take_last();
        if (current->m_is_rope) {
            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, stack.try_append(current->m_rhs));
            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, stack.try_append(current->m_lhs));
            continue;
        }
        TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, pieces.try_append(current));
    }

    // Now that we have all the pieces, we can concatenate them using a StringBuilder.
    ThrowableStringBuilder builder(vm);

    // We keep track of the previous piece in order to handle surrogate pairs spread across two pieces.
    PrimitiveString const* previous = nullptr;
    for (auto const* current : pieces) {
        if (!previous) {
            // This is the very first piece, just append it and continue.
            TRY(builder.append(TRY(current->utf8_string())));
            previous = current;
            continue;
        }

        // Get the UTF-8 representations for both strings.
        auto current_string_as_utf8 = TRY(current->utf8_string_view());
        auto previous_string_as_utf8 = TRY(previous->utf8_string_view());

        // NOTE: Now we need to look at the end of the previous string and the start
        //       of the current string, to see if they should be combined into a surrogate.

        // Surrogates encoded as UTF-8 are 3 bytes.
        if ((previous_string_as_utf8.length() < 3) || (current_string_as_utf8.length() < 3)) {
            TRY(builder.append(current_string_as_utf8));
            previous = current;
            continue;
        }

        // Might the previous string end with a UTF-8 encoded surrogate?
        if ((static_cast<u8>(previous_string_as_utf8[previous_string_as_utf8.length() - 3]) & 0xf0) != 0xe0) {
            // If not, just append the current string and continue.
            TRY(builder.append(current_string_as_utf8));
            previous = current;
            continue;
        }

        // Might the current string begin with a UTF-8 encoded surrogate?
        if ((static_cast<u8>(current_string_as_utf8[0]) & 0xf0) != 0xe0) {
            // If not, just append the current string and continue.
            TRY(builder.append(current_string_as_utf8));
            previous = current;
            continue;
        }

        auto high_surrogate = *Utf8View(previous_string_as_utf8.substring_view(previous_string_as_utf8.length() - 3)).begin();
        auto low_surrogate = *Utf8View(current_string_as_utf8).begin();

        if (!Utf16View::is_high_surrogate(high_surrogate) || !Utf16View::is_low_surrogate(low_surrogate)) {
            TRY(builder.append(current_string_as_utf8));
            previous = current;
            continue;
        }

        // Remove 3 bytes from the builder and replace them with the UTF-8 encoded code point.
        builder.trim(3);
        TRY(builder.append_code_point(Utf16View::decode_surrogate_pair(high_surrogate, low_surrogate)));

        // Append the remaining part of the current string.
        TRY(builder.append(current_string_as_utf8.substring_view(3)));
        previous = current;
    }

    m_utf8_string = TRY(builder.to_string());
    m_is_rope = false;
    m_lhs = nullptr;
    m_rhs = nullptr;
    return {};
}

}