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ladybird/Userland/Libraries/LibSoftGPU/Device.cpp
Stephan Unverwerth d89c515609 LibSoftGPU: Vectorize color conversion from/to framebuffer 
Functions to_rgba32 and to_vec4 now process 4 color values at the same
time.

Co-authored-by: Jesse Buhagiar <jooster669@gmail.com>
2022-01-09 16:21:13 +03:30

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Unverwerth <s.unverwerth@serenityos.org>
* Copyright (c) 2021, Jesse Buhagiar <jooster669@gmail.com>
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*/
#include <AK/Function.h>
#include <AK/SIMDExtras.h>
#include <AK/SIMDMath.h>
#include <LibCore/ElapsedTimer.h>
#include <LibGfx/Painter.h>
#include <LibGfx/Vector2.h>
#include <LibGfx/Vector3.h>
#include <LibSoftGPU/Config.h>
#include <LibSoftGPU/Device.h>
#include <LibSoftGPU/PixelQuad.h>
#include <LibSoftGPU/SIMD.h>
namespace SoftGPU {
static long long g_num_rasterized_triangles;
static long long g_num_pixels;
static long long g_num_pixels_shaded;
static long long g_num_pixels_blended;
static long long g_num_sampler_calls;
static long long g_num_quads;
using IntVector2 = Gfx::Vector2<int>;
using IntVector3 = Gfx::Vector3<int>;
using AK::SIMD::exp;
using AK::SIMD::expand4;
using AK::SIMD::f32x4;
using AK::SIMD::i32x4;
using AK::SIMD::load4_masked;
using AK::SIMD::maskbits;
using AK::SIMD::maskcount;
using AK::SIMD::none;
using AK::SIMD::store4_masked;
using AK::SIMD::to_f32x4;
using AK::SIMD::to_u32x4;
using AK::SIMD::u32x4;
constexpr static int edge_function(const IntVector2& a, const IntVector2& b, const IntVector2& c)
{
return ((c.x() - a.x()) * (b.y() - a.y()) - (c.y() - a.y()) * (b.x() - a.x()));
}
constexpr static i32x4 edge_function4(const IntVector2& a, const IntVector2& b, const Vector2<i32x4>& c)
{
return ((c.x() - a.x()) * (b.y() - a.y()) - (c.y() - a.y()) * (b.x() - a.x()));
}
template<typename T, typename U>
constexpr static auto interpolate(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2, const Vector3<U>& barycentric_coords)
{
return v0 * barycentric_coords.x() + v1 * barycentric_coords.y() + v2 * barycentric_coords.z();
}
ALWAYS_INLINE static u32x4 to_rgba32(const Vector4<f32x4>& v)
{
auto clamped = v.clamped(expand4(0.0f), expand4(1.0f));
auto r = to_u32x4(clamped.x() * 255);
auto g = to_u32x4(clamped.y() * 255);
auto b = to_u32x4(clamped.z() * 255);
auto a = to_u32x4(clamped.w() * 255);
return a << 24 | r << 16 | g << 8 | b;
}
static Vector4<f32x4> to_vec4(u32x4 rgba)
{
auto constexpr one_over_255 = expand4(1.0f / 255);
return {
to_f32x4((rgba >> 16) & 0xff) * one_over_255,
to_f32x4((rgba >> 8) & 0xff) * one_over_255,
to_f32x4(rgba & 0xff) * one_over_255,
to_f32x4((rgba >> 24) & 0xff) * one_over_255,
};
}
static Gfx::IntRect scissor_box_to_window_coordinates(Gfx::IntRect const& scissor_box, Gfx::IntRect const& window_rect)
{
return scissor_box.translated(0, window_rect.height() - 2 * scissor_box.y() - scissor_box.height());
}
static constexpr void setup_blend_factors(BlendFactor mode, FloatVector4& constant, float& src_alpha, float& dst_alpha, float& src_color, float& dst_color)
{
constant = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
src_alpha = 0;
dst_alpha = 0;
src_color = 0;
dst_color = 0;
switch (mode) {
case BlendFactor::Zero:
break;
case BlendFactor::One:
constant = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
break;
case BlendFactor::SrcColor:
src_color = 1;
break;
case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcColor:
constant = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
src_color = -1;
break;
case BlendFactor::SrcAlpha:
src_alpha = 1;
break;
case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcAlpha:
constant = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
src_alpha = -1;
break;
case BlendFactor::DstAlpha:
dst_alpha = 1;
break;
case BlendFactor::OneMinusDstAlpha:
constant = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
dst_alpha = -1;
break;
case BlendFactor::DstColor:
dst_color = 1;
break;
case BlendFactor::OneMinusDstColor:
constant = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
dst_color = -1;
break;
case BlendFactor::SrcAlphaSaturate:
// FIXME: How do we implement this?
break;
default:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
}
template<typename PS>
static void rasterize_triangle(const RasterizerOptions& options, Gfx::Bitmap& render_target, DepthBuffer& depth_buffer, const Triangle& triangle, PS pixel_shader)
{
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_rasterized_triangles, 1);
// Since the algorithm is based on blocks of uniform size, we need
// to ensure that our render_target size is actually a multiple of the block size
VERIFY((render_target.width() % 2) == 0);
VERIFY((render_target.height() % 2) == 0);
// Return if alpha testing is a no-op
if (options.enable_alpha_test && options.alpha_test_func == AlphaTestFunction::Never)
return;
// Vertices
Vertex const vertex0 = triangle.vertices[0];
Vertex const vertex1 = triangle.vertices[1];
Vertex const vertex2 = triangle.vertices[2];
constexpr int subpixel_factor = 1 << SUBPIXEL_BITS;
// Calculate area of the triangle for later tests
IntVector2 const v0 { static_cast<int>(vertex0.window_coordinates.x() * subpixel_factor), static_cast<int>(vertex0.window_coordinates.y() * subpixel_factor) };
IntVector2 const v1 { static_cast<int>(vertex1.window_coordinates.x() * subpixel_factor), static_cast<int>(vertex1.window_coordinates.y() * subpixel_factor) };
IntVector2 const v2 { static_cast<int>(vertex2.window_coordinates.x() * subpixel_factor), static_cast<int>(vertex2.window_coordinates.y() * subpixel_factor) };
int area = edge_function(v0, v1, v2);
if (area == 0)
return;
auto const one_over_area = 1.0f / area;
FloatVector4 src_constant {};
float src_factor_src_alpha = 0;
float src_factor_dst_alpha = 0;
float src_factor_src_color = 0;
float src_factor_dst_color = 0;
FloatVector4 dst_constant {};
float dst_factor_src_alpha = 0;
float dst_factor_dst_alpha = 0;
float dst_factor_src_color = 0;
float dst_factor_dst_color = 0;
if (options.enable_blending) {
setup_blend_factors(
options.blend_source_factor,
src_constant,
src_factor_src_alpha,
src_factor_dst_alpha,
src_factor_src_color,
src_factor_dst_color);
setup_blend_factors(
options.blend_destination_factor,
dst_constant,
dst_factor_src_alpha,
dst_factor_dst_alpha,
dst_factor_src_color,
dst_factor_dst_color);
}
auto render_bounds = render_target.rect();
auto window_scissor_rect = scissor_box_to_window_coordinates(options.scissor_box, render_target.rect());
if (options.scissor_enabled)
render_bounds.intersect(window_scissor_rect);
// Obey top-left rule:
// This sets up "zero" for later pixel coverage tests.
// Depending on where on the triangle the edge is located
// it is either tested against 0 or 1, effectively
// turning "< 0" into "<= 0"
IntVector3 zero { 1, 1, 1 };
if (v1.y() > v0.y() || (v1.y() == v0.y() && v1.x() < v0.x()))
zero.set_z(0);
if (v2.y() > v1.y() || (v2.y() == v1.y() && v2.x() < v1.x()))
zero.set_x(0);
if (v0.y() > v2.y() || (v0.y() == v2.y() && v0.x() < v2.x()))
zero.set_y(0);
// This function calculates the 3 edge values for the pixel relative to the triangle.
auto calculate_edge_values4 = [v0, v1, v2](const Vector2<i32x4>& p) -> Vector3<i32x4> {
return {
edge_function4(v1, v2, p),
edge_function4(v2, v0, p),
edge_function4(v0, v1, p),
};
};
// This function tests whether a point as identified by its 3 edge values lies within the triangle
auto test_point4 = [zero](const Vector3<i32x4>& edges) -> i32x4 {
return edges.x() >= zero.x()
&& edges.y() >= zero.y()
&& edges.z() >= zero.z();
};
auto test_scissor4 = [window_scissor_rect](const Vector2<i32x4>& screen_coordinates) -> i32x4 {
return screen_coordinates.x() >= window_scissor_rect.x()
&& screen_coordinates.x() < window_scissor_rect.x() + window_scissor_rect.width()
&& screen_coordinates.y() >= window_scissor_rect.y()
&& screen_coordinates.y() < window_scissor_rect.y() + window_scissor_rect.height();
};
// Calculate block-based bounds
// clang-format off
int const bx0 = max(render_bounds.left(), min(min(v0.x(), v1.x()), v2.x()) / subpixel_factor) & ~1;
int const bx1 = (min(render_bounds.right(), max(max(v0.x(), v1.x()), v2.x()) / subpixel_factor) & ~1) + 2;
int const by0 = max(render_bounds.top(), min(min(v0.y(), v1.y()), v2.y()) / subpixel_factor) & ~1;
int const by1 = (min(render_bounds.bottom(), max(max(v0.y(), v1.y()), v2.y()) / subpixel_factor) & ~1) + 2;
// clang-format on
// Fog depths
float const vertex0_eye_absz = fabs(vertex0.eye_coordinates.z());
float const vertex1_eye_absz = fabs(vertex1.eye_coordinates.z());
float const vertex2_eye_absz = fabs(vertex2.eye_coordinates.z());
// FIXME: implement stencil testing
// Iterate over all blocks within the bounds of the triangle
for (int by = by0; by < by1; by += 2) {
for (int bx = bx0; bx < bx1; bx += 2) {
PixelQuad quad;
quad.screen_coordinates = {
i32x4 { bx, bx + 1, bx, bx + 1 },
i32x4 { by, by, by + 1, by + 1 },
};
auto edge_values = calculate_edge_values4(quad.screen_coordinates * subpixel_factor);
// Generate triangle coverage mask
quad.mask = test_point4(edge_values);
if (options.scissor_enabled) {
quad.mask &= test_scissor4(quad.screen_coordinates);
}
if (none(quad.mask))
continue;
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_quads, 1);
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_pixels, maskcount(quad.mask));
// Calculate barycentric coordinates from previously calculated edge values
quad.barycentrics = Vector3<f32x4> {
to_f32x4(edge_values.x()),
to_f32x4(edge_values.y()),
to_f32x4(edge_values.z()),
} * one_over_area;
float* depth_ptrs[4] = {
&depth_buffer.scanline(by)[bx],
&depth_buffer.scanline(by)[bx + 1],
&depth_buffer.scanline(by + 1)[bx],
&depth_buffer.scanline(by + 1)[bx + 1],
};
// AND the depth mask onto the coverage mask
if (options.enable_depth_test) {
auto depth = load4_masked(depth_ptrs[0], depth_ptrs[1], depth_ptrs[2], depth_ptrs[3], quad.mask);
quad.depth = interpolate(vertex0.window_coordinates.z(), vertex1.window_coordinates.z(), vertex2.window_coordinates.z(), quad.barycentrics);
// FIXME: Also apply depth_offset_factor which depends on the depth gradient
quad.depth += options.depth_offset_constant * NumericLimits<float>::epsilon();
switch (options.depth_func) {
case DepthTestFunction::Always:
break;
case DepthTestFunction::Never:
quad.mask ^= quad.mask;
break;
case DepthTestFunction::Greater:
quad.mask &= quad.depth > depth;
break;
case DepthTestFunction::GreaterOrEqual:
quad.mask &= quad.depth >= depth;
break;
case DepthTestFunction::NotEqual:
#ifdef __SSE__
quad.mask &= quad.depth != depth;
#else
quad.mask[0] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[0]) != bit_cast<u32>(depth[0]) ? -1 : 0;
quad.mask[1] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[1]) != bit_cast<u32>(depth[1]) ? -1 : 0;
quad.mask[2] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[2]) != bit_cast<u32>(depth[2]) ? -1 : 0;
quad.mask[3] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[3]) != bit_cast<u32>(depth[3]) ? -1 : 0;
#endif
break;
case DepthTestFunction::Equal:
#ifdef __SSE__
quad.mask &= quad.depth == depth;
#else
//
// This is an interesting quirk that occurs due to us using the x87 FPU when Serenity is
// compiled for the i386 target. When we calculate our depth value to be stored in the buffer,
// it is an 80-bit x87 floating point number, however, when stored into the DepthBuffer, this is
// truncated to 32 bits. This 38 bit loss of precision means that when x87 `FCOMP` is eventually
// used here the comparison fails.
// This could be solved by using a `long double` for the depth buffer, however this would take
// up significantly more space and is completely overkill for a depth buffer. As such, comparing
// the first 32-bits of this depth value is "good enough" that if we get a hit on it being
// equal, we can pretty much guarantee that it's actually equal.
//
quad.mask[0] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[0]) == bit_cast<u32>(depth[0]) ? -1 : 0;
quad.mask[1] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[1]) == bit_cast<u32>(depth[1]) ? -1 : 0;
quad.mask[2] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[2]) == bit_cast<u32>(depth[2]) ? -1 : 0;
quad.mask[3] = bit_cast<u32>(quad.depth[3]) == bit_cast<u32>(depth[3]) ? -1 : 0;
#endif
break;
case DepthTestFunction::LessOrEqual:
quad.mask &= quad.depth <= depth;
break;
case DepthTestFunction::Less:
quad.mask &= quad.depth < depth;
break;
}
// Nice, no pixels passed the depth test -> block rejected by early z
if (none(quad.mask))
continue;
}
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_pixels_shaded, maskcount(quad.mask));
// Draw the pixels according to the previously generated mask
auto const w_coordinates = Vector3<f32x4> {
expand4(vertex0.window_coordinates.w()),
expand4(vertex1.window_coordinates.w()),
expand4(vertex2.window_coordinates.w()),
};
auto const interpolated_reciprocal_w = interpolate(w_coordinates.x(), w_coordinates.y(), w_coordinates.z(), quad.barycentrics);
auto const interpolated_w = 1.0f / interpolated_reciprocal_w;
quad.barycentrics = quad.barycentrics * w_coordinates * interpolated_w;
// FIXME: make this more generic. We want to interpolate more than just color and uv
if (options.shade_smooth) {
quad.vertex_color = interpolate(expand4(vertex0.color), expand4(vertex1.color), expand4(vertex2.color), quad.barycentrics);
} else {
quad.vertex_color = expand4(vertex0.color);
}
quad.uv = interpolate(expand4(vertex0.tex_coord), expand4(vertex1.tex_coord), expand4(vertex2.tex_coord), quad.barycentrics);
if (options.fog_enabled) {
// Calculate depth of fragment for fog
//
// OpenGL 1.5 spec chapter 3.10: "An implementation may choose to approximate the
// eye-coordinate distance from the eye to each fragment center by |Ze|."
quad.fog_depth = interpolate(expand4(vertex0_eye_absz), expand4(vertex1_eye_absz), expand4(vertex2_eye_absz), quad.barycentrics);
}
pixel_shader(quad);
if (options.enable_alpha_test && options.alpha_test_func != AlphaTestFunction::Always) {
switch (options.alpha_test_func) {
case AlphaTestFunction::Less:
quad.mask &= quad.out_color.w() < options.alpha_test_ref_value;
break;
case AlphaTestFunction::Equal:
quad.mask &= quad.out_color.w() == options.alpha_test_ref_value;
break;
case AlphaTestFunction::LessOrEqual:
quad.mask &= quad.out_color.w() <= options.alpha_test_ref_value;
break;
case AlphaTestFunction::Greater:
quad.mask &= quad.out_color.w() > options.alpha_test_ref_value;
break;
case AlphaTestFunction::NotEqual:
quad.mask &= quad.out_color.w() != options.alpha_test_ref_value;
break;
case AlphaTestFunction::GreaterOrEqual:
quad.mask &= quad.out_color.w() >= options.alpha_test_ref_value;
break;
case AlphaTestFunction::Never:
case AlphaTestFunction::Always:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
}
// Write to depth buffer
if (options.enable_depth_test && options.enable_depth_write) {
store4_masked(quad.depth, depth_ptrs[0], depth_ptrs[1], depth_ptrs[2], depth_ptrs[3], quad.mask);
}
// We will not update the color buffer at all
if (!options.color_mask || !options.enable_color_write)
continue;
Gfx::RGBA32* color_ptrs[4] = {
&render_target.scanline(by)[bx],
&render_target.scanline(by)[bx + 1],
&render_target.scanline(by + 1)[bx],
&render_target.scanline(by + 1)[bx + 1],
};
u32x4 dst_u32;
if (options.enable_blending || options.color_mask != 0xffffffff)
dst_u32 = load4_masked(color_ptrs[0], color_ptrs[1], color_ptrs[2], color_ptrs[3], quad.mask);
if (options.enable_blending) {
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_pixels_blended, maskcount(quad.mask));
// Blend color values from pixel_staging into render_target
Vector4<f32x4> const& src = quad.out_color;
auto dst = to_vec4(dst_u32);
auto src_factor = expand4(src_constant)
+ src * src_factor_src_color
+ Vector4<f32x4> { src.w(), src.w(), src.w(), src.w() } * src_factor_src_alpha
+ dst * src_factor_dst_color
+ Vector4<f32x4> { dst.w(), dst.w(), dst.w(), dst.w() } * src_factor_dst_alpha;
auto dst_factor = expand4(dst_constant)
+ src * dst_factor_src_color
+ Vector4<f32x4> { src.w(), src.w(), src.w(), src.w() } * dst_factor_src_alpha
+ dst * dst_factor_dst_color
+ Vector4<f32x4> { dst.w(), dst.w(), dst.w(), dst.w() } * dst_factor_dst_alpha;
quad.out_color = src * src_factor + dst * dst_factor;
}
if (options.color_mask == 0xffffffff)
store4_masked(to_rgba32(quad.out_color), color_ptrs[0], color_ptrs[1], color_ptrs[2], color_ptrs[3], quad.mask);
else
store4_masked((to_rgba32(quad.out_color) & options.color_mask) | (dst_u32 & ~options.color_mask), color_ptrs[0], color_ptrs[1], color_ptrs[2], color_ptrs[3], quad.mask);
}
}
}
static Gfx::IntSize closest_multiple(const Gfx::IntSize& min_size, size_t step)
{
int width = ((min_size.width() + step - 1) / step) * step;
int height = ((min_size.height() + step - 1) / step) * step;
return { width, height };
}
Device::Device(const Gfx::IntSize& min_size)
: m_render_target { Gfx::Bitmap::try_create(Gfx::BitmapFormat::BGRA8888, closest_multiple(min_size, 2)).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors() }
, m_depth_buffer { adopt_own(*new DepthBuffer(closest_multiple(min_size, 2))) }
{
m_options.scissor_box = m_render_target->rect();
}
DeviceInfo Device::info() const
{
return {
.vendor_name = "SerenityOS",
.device_name = "SoftGPU",
.num_texture_units = NUM_SAMPLERS
};
}
static void generate_texture_coordinates(Vertex& vertex, RasterizerOptions const& options)
{
auto generate_coordinate = [&](size_t config_index) -> float {
auto mode = options.texcoord_generation_config[config_index].mode;
switch (mode) {
case TexCoordGenerationMode::ObjectLinear: {
auto coefficients = options.texcoord_generation_config[config_index].coefficients;
return coefficients.dot(vertex.position);
}
case TexCoordGenerationMode::EyeLinear: {
auto coefficients = options.texcoord_generation_config[config_index].coefficients;
return coefficients.dot(vertex.eye_coordinates);
}
case TexCoordGenerationMode::SphereMap: {
auto const eye_unit = vertex.eye_coordinates.normalized();
FloatVector3 const eye_unit_xyz = { eye_unit.x(), eye_unit.y(), eye_unit.z() };
auto const normal = vertex.normal;
auto reflection = eye_unit_xyz - normal * 2 * normal.dot(eye_unit_xyz);
reflection.set_z(reflection.z() + 1);
auto const reflection_value = (config_index == 0) ? reflection.x() : reflection.y();
return reflection_value / (2 * reflection.length()) + 0.5f;
}
case TexCoordGenerationMode::ReflectionMap: {
auto const eye_unit = vertex.eye_coordinates.normalized();
FloatVector3 const eye_unit_xyz = { eye_unit.x(), eye_unit.y(), eye_unit.z() };
auto const normal = vertex.normal;
auto reflection = eye_unit_xyz - normal * 2 * normal.dot(eye_unit_xyz);
switch (config_index) {
case 0:
return reflection.x();
case 1:
return reflection.y();
case 2:
return reflection.z();
default:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
}
case TexCoordGenerationMode::NormalMap: {
auto const normal = vertex.normal;
switch (config_index) {
case 0:
return normal.x();
case 1:
return normal.y();
case 2:
return normal.z();
default:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
}
default:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
};
auto const enabled_coords = options.texcoord_generation_enabled_coordinates;
vertex.tex_coord = {
((enabled_coords & TexCoordGenerationCoordinate::S) > 0) ? generate_coordinate(0) : vertex.tex_coord.x(),
((enabled_coords & TexCoordGenerationCoordinate::T) > 0) ? generate_coordinate(1) : vertex.tex_coord.y(),
((enabled_coords & TexCoordGenerationCoordinate::R) > 0) ? generate_coordinate(2) : vertex.tex_coord.z(),
((enabled_coords & TexCoordGenerationCoordinate::Q) > 0) ? generate_coordinate(3) : vertex.tex_coord.w(),
};
}
void Device::draw_primitives(PrimitiveType primitive_type, FloatMatrix4x4 const& model_view_transform, FloatMatrix3x3 const& normal_transform,
FloatMatrix4x4 const& projection_transform, FloatMatrix4x4 const& texture_transform, Vector<Vertex> const& vertices,
Vector<size_t> const& enabled_texture_units)
{
// At this point, the user has effectively specified that they are done with defining the geometry
// of what they want to draw. We now need to do a few things (https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Rendering_Pipeline_Overview):
//
// 1. Transform all of the vertices in the current vertex list into eye space by multiplying the model-view matrix
// 2. Transform all of the vertices from eye space into clip space by multiplying by the projection matrix
// 3. If culling is enabled, we cull the desired faces (https://learnopengl.com/Advanced-OpenGL/Face-culling)
// 4. Each element of the vertex is then divided by w to bring the positions into NDC (Normalized Device Coordinates)
// 5. The vertices are sorted (for the rasterizer, how are we doing this? 3Dfx did this top to bottom in terms of vertex y coordinates)
// 6. The vertices are then sent off to the rasterizer and drawn to the screen
float scr_width = m_render_target->width();
float scr_height = m_render_target->height();
m_triangle_list.clear_with_capacity();
m_processed_triangles.clear_with_capacity();
// Let's construct some triangles
if (primitive_type == PrimitiveType::Triangles) {
Triangle triangle;
for (size_t i = 0; i < vertices.size(); i += 3) {
triangle.vertices[0] = vertices.at(i);
triangle.vertices[1] = vertices.at(i + 1);
triangle.vertices[2] = vertices.at(i + 2);
m_triangle_list.append(triangle);
}
} else if (primitive_type == PrimitiveType::Quads) {
// We need to construct two triangles to form the quad
Triangle triangle;
VERIFY(vertices.size() % 4 == 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < vertices.size(); i += 4) {
// Triangle 1
triangle.vertices[0] = vertices.at(i);
triangle.vertices[1] = vertices.at(i + 1);
triangle.vertices[2] = vertices.at(i + 2);
m_triangle_list.append(triangle);
// Triangle 2
triangle.vertices[0] = vertices.at(i + 2);
triangle.vertices[1] = vertices.at(i + 3);
triangle.vertices[2] = vertices.at(i);
m_triangle_list.append(triangle);
}
} else if (primitive_type == PrimitiveType::TriangleFan) {
Triangle triangle;
triangle.vertices[0] = vertices.at(0); // Root vertex is always the vertex defined first
for (size_t i = 1; i < vertices.size() - 1; i++) // This is technically `n-2` triangles. We start at index 1
{
triangle.vertices[1] = vertices.at(i);
triangle.vertices[2] = vertices.at(i + 1);
m_triangle_list.append(triangle);
}
} else if (primitive_type == PrimitiveType::TriangleStrip) {
Triangle triangle;
for (size_t i = 0; i < vertices.size() - 2; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
triangle.vertices[0] = vertices.at(i);
triangle.vertices[1] = vertices.at(i + 1);
triangle.vertices[2] = vertices.at(i + 2);
} else {
triangle.vertices[0] = vertices.at(i + 1);
triangle.vertices[1] = vertices.at(i);
triangle.vertices[2] = vertices.at(i + 2);
}
m_triangle_list.append(triangle);
}
}
// Now let's transform each triangle and send that to the GPU
auto const depth_half_range = (m_options.depth_max - m_options.depth_min) / 2;
auto const depth_halfway = (m_options.depth_min + m_options.depth_max) / 2;
for (auto& triangle : m_triangle_list) {
// Transform vertices into eye coordinates using the model-view transform
triangle.vertices[0].eye_coordinates = model_view_transform * triangle.vertices[0].position;
triangle.vertices[1].eye_coordinates = model_view_transform * triangle.vertices[1].position;
triangle.vertices[2].eye_coordinates = model_view_transform * triangle.vertices[2].position;
// Transform eye coordinates into clip coordinates using the projection transform
triangle.vertices[0].clip_coordinates = projection_transform * triangle.vertices[0].eye_coordinates;
triangle.vertices[1].clip_coordinates = projection_transform * triangle.vertices[1].eye_coordinates;
triangle.vertices[2].clip_coordinates = projection_transform * triangle.vertices[2].eye_coordinates;
// At this point, we're in clip space
// Here's where we do the clipping. This is a really crude implementation of the
// https://learnopengl.com/Getting-started/Coordinate-Systems
// "Note that if only a part of a primitive e.g. a triangle is outside the clipping volume OpenGL
// will reconstruct the triangle as one or more triangles to fit inside the clipping range. "
//
// ALL VERTICES ARE DEFINED IN A CLOCKWISE ORDER
// Okay, let's do some face culling first
m_clipped_vertices.clear_with_capacity();
m_clipped_vertices.append(triangle.vertices[0]);
m_clipped_vertices.append(triangle.vertices[1]);
m_clipped_vertices.append(triangle.vertices[2]);
m_clipper.clip_triangle_against_frustum(m_clipped_vertices);
if (m_clipped_vertices.size() < 3)
continue;
for (auto& vec : m_clipped_vertices) {
// To normalized device coordinates (NDC)
auto const one_over_w = 1 / vec.clip_coordinates.w();
auto const ndc_coordinates = FloatVector4 {
vec.clip_coordinates.x() * one_over_w,
vec.clip_coordinates.y() * one_over_w,
vec.clip_coordinates.z() * one_over_w,
one_over_w,
};
// To window coordinates
// FIXME: implement viewport functionality
vec.window_coordinates = {
scr_width / 2 + ndc_coordinates.x() * scr_width / 2,
scr_height / 2 - ndc_coordinates.y() * scr_height / 2,
depth_half_range * ndc_coordinates.z() + depth_halfway,
ndc_coordinates.w(),
};
}
Triangle tri;
tri.vertices[0] = m_clipped_vertices[0];
for (size_t i = 1; i < m_clipped_vertices.size() - 1; i++) {
tri.vertices[1] = m_clipped_vertices[i];
tri.vertices[2] = m_clipped_vertices[i + 1];
m_processed_triangles.append(tri);
}
}
for (auto& triangle : m_processed_triangles) {
// Let's calculate the (signed) area of the triangle
// https://cp-algorithms.com/geometry/oriented-triangle-area.html
float dxAB = triangle.vertices[0].window_coordinates.x() - triangle.vertices[1].window_coordinates.x(); // A.x - B.x
float dxBC = triangle.vertices[1].window_coordinates.x() - triangle.vertices[2].window_coordinates.x(); // B.X - C.x
float dyAB = triangle.vertices[0].window_coordinates.y() - triangle.vertices[1].window_coordinates.y();
float dyBC = triangle.vertices[1].window_coordinates.y() - triangle.vertices[2].window_coordinates.y();
float area = (dxAB * dyBC) - (dxBC * dyAB);
if (area == 0.0f)
continue;
if (m_options.enable_culling) {
bool is_front = (m_options.front_face == WindingOrder::CounterClockwise ? area < 0 : area > 0);
if (!is_front && m_options.cull_back)
continue;
if (is_front && m_options.cull_front)
continue;
}
if (area > 0)
swap(triangle.vertices[0], triangle.vertices[1]);
// Transform normals
triangle.vertices[0].normal = normal_transform * triangle.vertices[0].normal;
triangle.vertices[1].normal = normal_transform * triangle.vertices[1].normal;
triangle.vertices[2].normal = normal_transform * triangle.vertices[2].normal;
if (m_options.normalization_enabled) {
triangle.vertices[0].normal.normalize();
triangle.vertices[1].normal.normalize();
triangle.vertices[2].normal.normalize();
}
// Generate texture coordinates if at least one coordinate is enabled
if (m_options.texcoord_generation_enabled_coordinates != TexCoordGenerationCoordinate::None) {
generate_texture_coordinates(triangle.vertices[0], m_options);
generate_texture_coordinates(triangle.vertices[1], m_options);
generate_texture_coordinates(triangle.vertices[2], m_options);
}
// Apply texture transformation
// FIXME: implement multi-texturing: texcoords should be stored per texture unit
triangle.vertices[0].tex_coord = texture_transform * triangle.vertices[0].tex_coord;
triangle.vertices[1].tex_coord = texture_transform * triangle.vertices[1].tex_coord;
triangle.vertices[2].tex_coord = texture_transform * triangle.vertices[2].tex_coord;
submit_triangle(triangle, enabled_texture_units);
}
}
void Device::submit_triangle(const Triangle& triangle, Vector<size_t> const& enabled_texture_units)
{
rasterize_triangle(m_options, *m_render_target, *m_depth_buffer, triangle, [this, &enabled_texture_units](PixelQuad& quad) {
quad.out_color = quad.vertex_color;
for (size_t i : enabled_texture_units) {
// FIXME: implement GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_3D and GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP
auto const& sampler = m_samplers[i];
auto texel = sampler.sample_2d({ quad.uv.x(), quad.uv.y() });
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_sampler_calls, 1);
// FIXME: Implement more blend modes
switch (sampler.config().fixed_function_texture_env_mode) {
case TextureEnvMode::Modulate:
quad.out_color = quad.out_color * texel;
break;
case TextureEnvMode::Replace:
quad.out_color = texel;
break;
case TextureEnvMode::Decal: {
auto src_alpha = quad.out_color.w();
quad.out_color.set_x(mix(quad.out_color.x(), texel.x(), src_alpha));
quad.out_color.set_y(mix(quad.out_color.y(), texel.y(), src_alpha));
quad.out_color.set_z(mix(quad.out_color.z(), texel.z(), src_alpha));
break;
}
default:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
}
// Calculate fog
// Math from here: https://opengl-notes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/texturing/aliasing.html
// FIXME: exponential fog is not vectorized, we should add a SIMD exp function that calculates an approximation.
if (m_options.fog_enabled) {
auto factor = expand4(0.0f);
switch (m_options.fog_mode) {
case FogMode::Linear:
factor = (m_options.fog_end - quad.fog_depth) / (m_options.fog_end - m_options.fog_start);
break;
case FogMode::Exp: {
auto argument = -m_options.fog_density * quad.fog_depth;
factor = exp(argument);
} break;
case FogMode::Exp2: {
auto argument = m_options.fog_density * quad.fog_depth;
argument *= -argument;
factor = exp(argument);
} break;
default:
VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}
// Mix texel's RGB with fog's RBG - leave alpha alone
auto fog_color = expand4(m_options.fog_color);
quad.out_color.set_x(mix(fog_color.x(), quad.out_color.x(), factor));
quad.out_color.set_y(mix(fog_color.y(), quad.out_color.y(), factor));
quad.out_color.set_z(mix(fog_color.z(), quad.out_color.z(), factor));
}
});
}
void Device::resize(const Gfx::IntSize& min_size)
{
wait_for_all_threads();
m_render_target = Gfx::Bitmap::try_create(Gfx::BitmapFormat::BGRA8888, closest_multiple(min_size, 2)).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
m_depth_buffer = adopt_own(*new DepthBuffer(m_render_target->size()));
}
void Device::clear_color(const FloatVector4& color)
{
wait_for_all_threads();
uint8_t r = static_cast<uint8_t>(clamp(color.x(), 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255);
uint8_t g = static_cast<uint8_t>(clamp(color.y(), 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255);
uint8_t b = static_cast<uint8_t>(clamp(color.z(), 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255);
uint8_t a = static_cast<uint8_t>(clamp(color.w(), 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255);
auto const fill_color = Gfx::Color(r, g, b, a);
if (m_options.scissor_enabled) {
auto fill_rect = m_render_target->rect();
fill_rect.intersect(scissor_box_to_window_coordinates(m_options.scissor_box, fill_rect));
Gfx::Painter painter { *m_render_target };
painter.fill_rect(fill_rect, fill_color);
return;
}
m_render_target->fill(fill_color);
}
void Device::clear_depth(float depth)
{
wait_for_all_threads();
if (m_options.scissor_enabled) {
m_depth_buffer->clear(scissor_box_to_window_coordinates(m_options.scissor_box, m_render_target->rect()), depth);
return;
}
m_depth_buffer->clear(depth);
}
void Device::blit(Gfx::Bitmap const& source, int x, int y)
{
wait_for_all_threads();
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_pixels, source.width() * source.height());
INCREASE_STATISTICS_COUNTER(g_num_pixels_shaded, source.width() * source.height());
Gfx::Painter painter { *m_render_target };
painter.blit({ x, y }, source, source.rect(), 1.0f, true);
}
void Device::blit_to(Gfx::Bitmap& target)
{
wait_for_all_threads();
Gfx::Painter painter { target };
painter.blit({ 0, 0 }, *m_render_target, m_render_target->rect(), 1.0f, false);
if constexpr (ENABLE_STATISTICS_OVERLAY)
draw_statistics_overlay(target);
}
void Device::draw_statistics_overlay(Gfx::Bitmap& target)
{
static Core::ElapsedTimer timer;
static String debug_string;
static int frame_counter;
frame_counter++;
int milliseconds = 0;
if (timer.is_valid())
milliseconds = timer.elapsed();
else
timer.start();
Gfx::Painter painter { target };
if (milliseconds > 500) {
if (g_num_pixels == 0)
g_num_pixels = 1;
int num_rendertarget_pixels = m_render_target->width() * m_render_target->height();
StringBuilder builder;
builder.append(String::formatted("Timings : {:.1}ms {:.1}FPS\n",
static_cast<double>(milliseconds) / frame_counter,
(milliseconds > 0) ? 1000.0 * frame_counter / milliseconds : 9999.0));
builder.append(String::formatted("Triangles : {}\n", g_num_rasterized_triangles));
builder.append(String::formatted("SIMD usage : {}%\n", g_num_quads > 0 ? g_num_pixels_shaded * 25 / g_num_quads : 0));
builder.append(String::formatted("Pixels : {}, Shaded: {}%, Blended: {}%, Overdraw: {}%\n",
g_num_pixels,
g_num_pixels_shaded * 100 / g_num_pixels,
g_num_pixels_blended * 100 / g_num_pixels_shaded,
g_num_pixels_shaded * 100 / num_rendertarget_pixels - 100));
builder.append(String::formatted("Sampler calls: {}\n", g_num_sampler_calls));
debug_string = builder.to_string();
frame_counter = 0;
timer.start();
}
g_num_rasterized_triangles = 0;
g_num_pixels = 0;
g_num_pixels_shaded = 0;
g_num_pixels_blended = 0;
g_num_sampler_calls = 0;
g_num_quads = 0;
auto& font = Gfx::FontDatabase::default_fixed_width_font();
for (int y = -1; y < 2; y++)
for (int x = -1; x < 2; x++)
if (x != 0 && y != 0)
painter.draw_text(target.rect().translated(x + 2, y + 2), debug_string, font, Gfx::TextAlignment::TopLeft, Gfx::Color::Black);
painter.draw_text(target.rect().translated(2, 2), debug_string, font, Gfx::TextAlignment::TopLeft, Gfx::Color::White);
}
void Device::wait_for_all_threads() const
{
// FIXME: Wait for all render threads to finish when multithreading is being implemented
}
void Device::set_options(const RasterizerOptions& options)
{
wait_for_all_threads();
m_options = options;
// FIXME: Recreate or reinitialize render threads here when multithreading is being implemented
}
Gfx::RGBA32 Device::get_backbuffer_pixel(int x, int y)
{
// FIXME: Reading individual pixels is very slow, rewrite this to transfer whole blocks
if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= m_render_target->width() || y >= m_render_target->height())
return 0;
return m_render_target->scanline(y)[x];
}
float Device::get_depthbuffer_value(int x, int y)
{
// FIXME: Reading individual pixels is very slow, rewrite this to transfer whole blocks
if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= m_render_target->width() || y >= m_render_target->height())
return 1.0f;
return m_depth_buffer->scanline(y)[x];
}
NonnullRefPtr<Image> Device::create_image(ImageFormat format, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned depth, unsigned levels, unsigned layers)
{
VERIFY(width > 0);
VERIFY(height > 0);
VERIFY(depth > 0);
VERIFY(levels > 0);
VERIFY(layers > 0);
return adopt_ref(*new Image(format, width, height, depth, levels, layers));
}
void Device::set_sampler_config(unsigned sampler, SamplerConfig const& config)
{
m_samplers[sampler].set_config(config);
}
}
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