ladybird/Libraries/LibGfx/PNGLoader.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018-2020, Andreas Kling <kling@serenityos.org>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <AK/FileSystemPath.h>
#include <AK/MappedFile.h>
#include <AK/NetworkOrdered.h>
#include <LibCore/puff.h>
#include <LibGfx/PNGLoader.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <serenity.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>

namespace Gfx {

static const u8 png_header[8] = { 0x89, 'P', 'N', 'G', 13, 10, 26, 10 };

struct PNG_IHDR {
    NetworkOrdered<u32> width;
    NetworkOrdered<u32> height;
    u8 bit_depth { 0 };
    u8 color_type { 0 };
    u8 compression_method { 0 };
    u8 filter_method { 0 };
    u8 interlace_method { 0 };
};

static_assert(sizeof(PNG_IHDR) == 13);

struct Scanline {
    u8 filter { 0 };
    ByteBuffer data {};
};

struct [[gnu::packed]] PaletteEntry
{
    u8 r;
    u8 g;
    u8 b;
    //u8 a;
};

struct [[gnu::packed]] Triplet
{
    u8 r;
    u8 g;
    u8 b;
};

struct [[gnu::packed]] Triplet16
{
    u16 r;
    u16 g;
    u16 b;
};

struct [[gnu::packed]] Quad16
{
    u16 r;
    u16 g;
    u16 b;
    u16 a;
};

struct PNGLoadingContext {
    enum State {
        NotDecoded = 0,
        Error,
        HeaderDecoded,
        SizeDecoded,
        ChunksDecoded,
        BitmapDecoded,
    };
    State state { State::NotDecoded };
    const u8* data { nullptr };
    size_t data_size { 0 };
    int width { -1 };
    int height { -1 };
    u8 bit_depth { 0 };
    u8 color_type { 0 };
    u8 compression_method { 0 };
    u8 filter_method { 0 };
    u8 interlace_method { 0 };
    u8 bytes_per_pixel { 0 };
    bool has_seen_zlib_header { false };
    bool has_alpha() const { return color_type & 4 || palette_transparency_data.size() > 0; }
    Vector<Scanline> scanlines;
    RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> bitmap;
    u8* decompression_buffer { nullptr };
    int decompression_buffer_size { 0 };
    Vector<u8> compressed_data;
    Vector<PaletteEntry> palette_data;
    Vector<u8> palette_transparency_data;
};

class Streamer {
public:
    Streamer(const u8* data, int size)
        : m_original_data(data)
        , m_original_size(size)
        , m_data_ptr(data)
        , m_size_remaining(size)
    {
    }

    template<typename T>
    bool read(T& value)
    {
        if (m_size_remaining < (int)sizeof(T))
            return false;
        value = *((const NetworkOrdered<T>*)m_data_ptr);
        m_data_ptr += sizeof(T);
        m_size_remaining -= sizeof(T);
        return true;
    }

    bool read_bytes(u8* buffer, int count)
    {
        if (m_size_remaining < count)
            return false;
        memcpy(buffer, m_data_ptr, count);
        m_data_ptr += count;
        m_size_remaining -= count;
        return true;
    }

    bool wrap_bytes(ByteBuffer& buffer, int count)
    {
        if (m_size_remaining < count)
            return false;
        buffer = ByteBuffer::wrap(m_data_ptr, count);
        m_data_ptr += count;
        m_size_remaining -= count;
        return true;
    }

    bool at_end() const { return !m_size_remaining; }

private:
    const u8* m_original_data;
    int m_original_size;
    const u8* m_data_ptr;
    int m_size_remaining;
};

static RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> load_png_impl(const u8*, int);
static bool process_chunk(Streamer&, PNGLoadingContext& context, bool decode_size_only);

RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> load_png(const StringView& path)
{
    MappedFile mapped_file(path);
    if (!mapped_file.is_valid())
        return nullptr;
    auto bitmap = load_png_impl((const u8*)mapped_file.data(), mapped_file.size());
    if (bitmap)
        bitmap->set_mmap_name(String::format("Gfx::Bitmap [%dx%d] - Decoded PNG: %s", bitmap->width(), bitmap->height(), canonicalized_path(path).characters()));
    return bitmap;
}

RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> load_png_from_memory(const u8* data, size_t length)
{
    auto bitmap = load_png_impl(data, length);
    if (bitmap)
        bitmap->set_mmap_name(String::format("Gfx::Bitmap [%dx%d] - Decoded PNG: <memory>", bitmap->width(), bitmap->height()));
    return bitmap;
}

[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline u8 paeth_predictor(int a, int b, int c)
{
    int p = a + b - c;
    int pa = abs(p - a);
    int pb = abs(p - b);
    int pc = abs(p - c);
    if (pa <= pb && pa <= pc)
        return a;
    if (pb <= pc)
        return b;
    return c;
}

union [[gnu::packed]] Pixel
{
    RGBA32 rgba { 0 };
    u8 v[4];
    struct {
        u8 r;
        u8 g;
        u8 b;
        u8 a;
    };
};
static_assert(sizeof(Pixel) == 4);

template<bool has_alpha, u8 filter_type>
[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void unfilter_impl(Gfx::Bitmap& bitmap, int y, const void* dummy_scanline_data)
{
    auto* dummy_scanline = (const Pixel*)dummy_scanline_data;
    if constexpr (filter_type == 0) {
        auto* pixels = (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y);
        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap.width(); ++i) {
            auto& x = pixels[i];
            swap(x.r, x.b);
        }
    }

    if constexpr (filter_type == 1) {
        auto* pixels = (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y);
        swap(pixels[0].r, pixels[0].b);
        for (int i = 1; i < bitmap.width(); ++i) {
            auto& x = pixels[i];
            swap(x.r, x.b);
            auto& a = (const Pixel&)pixels[i - 1];
            x.v[0] += a.v[0];
            x.v[1] += a.v[1];
            x.v[2] += a.v[2];
            if constexpr (has_alpha)
                x.v[3] += a.v[3];
        }
        return;
    }
    if constexpr (filter_type == 2) {
        auto* pixels = (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y);
        auto* pixels_y_minus_1 = y == 0 ? dummy_scanline : (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y - 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap.width(); ++i) {
            auto& x = pixels[i];
            swap(x.r, x.b);
            const Pixel& b = pixels_y_minus_1[i];
            x.v[0] += b.v[0];
            x.v[1] += b.v[1];
            x.v[2] += b.v[2];
            if constexpr (has_alpha)
                x.v[3] += b.v[3];
        }
        return;
    }
    if constexpr (filter_type == 3) {
        auto* pixels = (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y);
        auto* pixels_y_minus_1 = y == 0 ? dummy_scanline : (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y - 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap.width(); ++i) {
            auto& x = pixels[i];
            swap(x.r, x.b);
            Pixel a;
            if (i != 0)
                a = pixels[i - 1];
            const Pixel& b = pixels_y_minus_1[i];
            x.v[0] = x.v[0] + ((a.v[0] + b.v[0]) / 2);
            x.v[1] = x.v[1] + ((a.v[1] + b.v[1]) / 2);
            x.v[2] = x.v[2] + ((a.v[2] + b.v[2]) / 2);
            if constexpr (has_alpha)
                x.v[3] = x.v[3] + ((a.v[3] + b.v[3]) / 2);
        }
        return;
    }
    if constexpr (filter_type == 4) {
        auto* pixels = (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y);
        auto* pixels_y_minus_1 = y == 0 ? dummy_scanline : (Pixel*)bitmap.scanline(y - 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < bitmap.width(); ++i) {
            auto& x = pixels[i];
            swap(x.r, x.b);
            Pixel a;
            const Pixel& b = pixels_y_minus_1[i];
            Pixel c;
            if (i != 0) {
                a = pixels[i - 1];
                c = pixels_y_minus_1[i - 1];
            }
            x.v[0] += paeth_predictor(a.v[0], b.v[0], c.v[0]);
            x.v[1] += paeth_predictor(a.v[1], b.v[1], c.v[1]);
            x.v[2] += paeth_predictor(a.v[2], b.v[2], c.v[2]);
            if constexpr (has_alpha)
                x.v[3] += paeth_predictor(a.v[3], b.v[3], c.v[3]);
        }
    }
}

[[gnu::noinline]] static void unfilter(PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    // First unpack the scanlines to RGBA:
    switch (context.color_type) {
    case 2:
        if (context.bit_depth == 8) {
            for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
                auto* triplets = (Triplet*)context.scanlines[y].data.data();
                for (int i = 0; i < context.width; ++i) {
                    auto& pixel = (Pixel&)context.bitmap->scanline(y)[i];
                    pixel.r = triplets[i].r;
                    pixel.g = triplets[i].g;
                    pixel.b = triplets[i].b;
                    pixel.a = 0xff;
                }
            }
        } else if (context.bit_depth == 16) {
            for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
                auto* triplets = (Triplet16*)context.scanlines[y].data.data();
                for (int i = 0; i < context.width; ++i) {
                    auto& pixel = (Pixel&)context.bitmap->scanline(y)[i];
                    pixel.r = triplets[i].r & 0xFF;
                    pixel.g = triplets[i].g & 0xFF;
                    pixel.b = triplets[i].b & 0xFF;
                    pixel.a = 0xff;
                }
            }
        } else {
            ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
        }
        break;
    case 6:
        if (context.bit_depth == 8) {
            for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
                memcpy(context.bitmap->scanline(y), context.scanlines[y].data.data(), context.scanlines[y].data.size());
            }
        } else if (context.bit_depth == 16) {
            for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
                auto* triplets = (Quad16*)context.scanlines[y].data.data();
                for (int i = 0; i < context.width; ++i) {
                    auto& pixel = (Pixel&)context.bitmap->scanline(y)[i];
                    pixel.r = triplets[i].r & 0xFF;
                    pixel.g = triplets[i].g & 0xFF;
                    pixel.b = triplets[i].b & 0xFF;
                    pixel.a = triplets[i].a & 0xFF;
                }
            }
        } else {
            ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
        }
        break;
    case 3:
        for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
            auto* palette_index = (u8*)context.scanlines[y].data.data();
            for (int i = 0; i < context.width; ++i) {
                auto& pixel = (Pixel&)context.bitmap->scanline(y)[i];
                auto& color = context.palette_data.at((int)palette_index[i]);
                auto transparency = context.palette_transparency_data.size() >= palette_index[i] + 1
                    ? (int)context.palette_transparency_data.data()[palette_index[i]]
                    : 0xFF;
                pixel.r = color.r;
                pixel.g = color.g;
                pixel.b = color.b;
                pixel.a = transparency;
            }
        }
        break;
    default:
        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
        break;
    }

    auto dummy_scanline = ByteBuffer::create_zeroed(context.width * sizeof(RGBA32));

    for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
        auto filter = context.scanlines[y].filter;
        if (filter == 0) {
            if (context.has_alpha())
                unfilter_impl<true, 0>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            else
                unfilter_impl<false, 0>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            continue;
        }
        if (filter == 1) {
            if (context.has_alpha())
                unfilter_impl<true, 1>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            else
                unfilter_impl<false, 1>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            continue;
        }
        if (filter == 2) {
            if (context.has_alpha())
                unfilter_impl<true, 2>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            else
                unfilter_impl<false, 2>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            continue;
        }
        if (filter == 3) {
            if (context.has_alpha())
                unfilter_impl<true, 3>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            else
                unfilter_impl<false, 3>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            continue;
        }
        if (filter == 4) {
            if (context.has_alpha())
                unfilter_impl<true, 4>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            else
                unfilter_impl<false, 4>(*context.bitmap, y, dummy_scanline.data());
            continue;
        }
    }
}

static bool decode_png_header(PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    if (context.state >= PNGLoadingContext::HeaderDecoded)
        return true;

    if (memcmp(context.data, png_header, sizeof(png_header)) != 0) {
        dbg() << "Invalid PNG header";
        context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::Error;
        return false;
    }

    context.state = PNGLoadingContext::HeaderDecoded;
    return true;
}

static bool decode_png_size(PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    if (context.state >= PNGLoadingContext::SizeDecoded)
        return true;

    if (context.state < PNGLoadingContext::HeaderDecoded) {
        if (!decode_png_header(context))
            return false;
    }

    const u8* data_ptr = context.data + sizeof(png_header);
    size_t data_remaining = context.data_size - sizeof(png_header);

    Streamer streamer(data_ptr, data_remaining);
    while (!streamer.at_end()) {
        if (!process_chunk(streamer, context, true)) {
            context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::Error;
            return false;
        }
        if (context.width && context.height) {
            context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::SizeDecoded;
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

static bool decode_png_chunks(PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    if (context.state >= PNGLoadingContext::State::ChunksDecoded)
        return true;

    if (context.state < PNGLoadingContext::HeaderDecoded) {
        if (!decode_png_header(context))
            return false;
    }

    const u8* data_ptr = context.data + sizeof(png_header);
    int data_remaining = context.data_size - sizeof(png_header);

    context.compressed_data.ensure_capacity(context.data_size);

    Streamer streamer(data_ptr, data_remaining);
    while (!streamer.at_end()) {
        if (!process_chunk(streamer, context, false)) {
            context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::Error;
            return false;
        }
    }

    context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::ChunksDecoded;
    return true;
}

static bool decode_png_bitmap(PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    if (context.state < PNGLoadingContext::State::ChunksDecoded) {
        if (!decode_png_chunks(context))
            return false;
    }

    if (context.state >= PNGLoadingContext::State::BitmapDecoded)
        return true;

    unsigned long srclen = context.compressed_data.size() - 6;
    unsigned long destlen = context.decompression_buffer_size;
    int ret = puff(context.decompression_buffer, &destlen, context.compressed_data.data() + 2, &srclen);
    if (ret < 0) {
        context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::Error;
        return false;
    }
    context.compressed_data.clear();

    context.scanlines.ensure_capacity(context.height);
    Streamer streamer(context.decompression_buffer, context.decompression_buffer_size);
    for (int y = 0; y < context.height; ++y) {
        u8 filter;
        if (!streamer.read(filter)) {
            context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::Error;
            return false;
        }

        context.scanlines.append({ filter });
        auto& scanline_buffer = context.scanlines.last().data;
        if (!streamer.wrap_bytes(scanline_buffer, context.width * context.bytes_per_pixel)) {
            context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::Error;
            return false;
        }
    }

    context.bitmap = Bitmap::create_purgeable(context.has_alpha() ? Bitmap::Format::RGBA32 : Bitmap::Format::RGB32, { context.width, context.height });

    unfilter(context);

    munmap(context.decompression_buffer, context.decompression_buffer_size);
    context.decompression_buffer = nullptr;
    context.decompression_buffer_size = 0;

    context.state = PNGLoadingContext::State::BitmapDecoded;
    return true;
}

static RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> load_png_impl(const u8* data, int data_size)
{
    PNGLoadingContext context;
    context.data = data;
    context.data_size = data_size;

    if (!decode_png_chunks(context))
        return nullptr;

    if (!decode_png_bitmap(context))
        return nullptr;

    return context.bitmap;
}

static bool process_IHDR(const ByteBuffer& data, PNGLoadingContext& context, bool decode_size_only = false)
{
    if (data.size() < (int)sizeof(PNG_IHDR))
        return false;
    auto& ihdr = *(const PNG_IHDR*)data.data();
    context.width = ihdr.width;
    context.height = ihdr.height;
    context.bit_depth = ihdr.bit_depth;
    context.color_type = ihdr.color_type;
    context.compression_method = ihdr.compression_method;
    context.filter_method = ihdr.filter_method;
    context.interlace_method = ihdr.interlace_method;

#ifdef PNG_DEBUG
    printf("PNG: %dx%d (%d bpp)\n", context.width, context.height, context.bit_depth);
    printf("     Color type: %d\n", context.color_type);
    printf("Compress Method: %d\n", context.compression_method);
    printf("  Filter Method: %d\n", context.filter_method);
    printf(" Interlace type: %d\n", context.interlace_method);
#endif

    // FIXME: Implement Adam7 deinterlacing
    if (context.interlace_method != 0) {
        dbgprintf("PNGLoader::process_IHDR: Interlaced PNGs not currently supported.\n");
        return false;
    }

    switch (context.color_type) {
    case 0: // Each pixel is a grayscale sample.
    case 4: // Each pixel is a grayscale sample, followed by an alpha sample.
        // FIXME: Implement grayscale PNG support.
        dbgprintf("PNGLoader::process_IHDR: Unsupported grayscale format.\n");
        return false;
    case 2:
        context.bytes_per_pixel = 3 * (ihdr.bit_depth / 8);
        break;
    case 3: // Each pixel is a palette index; a PLTE chunk must appear.
        // FIXME: Implement support for 1/2/4 bit palette based images.
        if (ihdr.bit_depth != 8) {
            dbgprintf("PNGLoader::process_IHDR: Unsupported index-based format (%d bpp).\n", context.bit_depth);
            return false;
        }
        context.bytes_per_pixel = 1;
        break;
    case 6:
        context.bytes_per_pixel = 4 * (ihdr.bit_depth / 8);
        break;
    default:
        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
    }

    if (!decode_size_only) {
        context.decompression_buffer_size = (context.width * context.height * context.bytes_per_pixel + context.height);
        context.decompression_buffer = (u8*)mmap_with_name(nullptr, context.decompression_buffer_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0, "PNG decompression buffer");
    }
    return true;
}

static bool process_IDAT(const ByteBuffer& data, PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    context.compressed_data.append(data.data(), data.size());
    return true;
}

static bool process_PLTE(const ByteBuffer& data, PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    context.palette_data.append((const PaletteEntry*)data.data(), data.size() / 3);
    return true;
}

static bool process_tRNS(const ByteBuffer& data, PNGLoadingContext& context)
{
    switch (context.color_type) {
    case 3:
        context.palette_transparency_data.append(data.data(), data.size());
        break;
    }
    return true;
}

static bool process_chunk(Streamer& streamer, PNGLoadingContext& context, bool decode_size_only)
{
    u32 chunk_size;
    if (!streamer.read(chunk_size)) {
        printf("Bail at chunk_size\n");
        return false;
    }
    u8 chunk_type[5];
    chunk_type[4] = '\0';
    if (!streamer.read_bytes(chunk_type, 4)) {
        printf("Bail at chunk_type\n");
        return false;
    }
    ByteBuffer chunk_data;
    if (!streamer.wrap_bytes(chunk_data, chunk_size)) {
        printf("Bail at chunk_data\n");
        return false;
    }
    u32 chunk_crc;
    if (!streamer.read(chunk_crc)) {
        printf("Bail at chunk_crc\n");
        return false;
    }
#ifdef PNG_DEBUG
    printf("Chunk type: '%s', size: %u, crc: %x\n", chunk_type, chunk_size, chunk_crc);
#endif

    if (!strcmp((const char*)chunk_type, "IHDR"))
        return process_IHDR(chunk_data, context, decode_size_only);
    if (!strcmp((const char*)chunk_type, "IDAT"))
        return process_IDAT(chunk_data, context);
    if (!strcmp((const char*)chunk_type, "PLTE"))
        return process_PLTE(chunk_data, context);
    if (!strcmp((const char*)chunk_type, "tRNS"))
        return process_tRNS(chunk_data, context);
    return true;
}

PNGImageDecoderPlugin::PNGImageDecoderPlugin(const u8* data, size_t size)
{
    m_context = make<PNGLoadingContext>();
    m_context->data = data;
    m_context->data_size = size;
}

PNGImageDecoderPlugin::~PNGImageDecoderPlugin()
{
}

Size PNGImageDecoderPlugin::size()
{
    if (m_context->state == PNGLoadingContext::State::Error)
        return {};

    if (m_context->state < PNGLoadingContext::State::SizeDecoded) {
        bool success = decode_png_size(*m_context);
        if (!success)
            return {};
    }

    return { m_context->width, m_context->height };
}

RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> PNGImageDecoderPlugin::bitmap()
{
    if (m_context->state == PNGLoadingContext::State::Error)
        return nullptr;

    if (m_context->state < PNGLoadingContext::State::BitmapDecoded) {
        // NOTE: This forces the chunk decoding to happen.
        bool success = decode_png_bitmap(*m_context);
        if (!success)
            return nullptr;
    }

    ASSERT(m_context->bitmap);
    return m_context->bitmap;
}

void PNGImageDecoderPlugin::set_volatile()
{
    if (m_context->bitmap)
        m_context->bitmap->set_volatile();
}

bool PNGImageDecoderPlugin::set_nonvolatile()
{
    if (!m_context->bitmap)
        return false;
    return m_context->bitmap->set_nonvolatile();
}

}