ladybird/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Interpolation.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Andreas Kling <kling@serenityos.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2021, the SerenityOS developers.
 * Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Sam Atkins <sam@ladybird.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2024, Matthew Olsson <mattco@serenityos.org>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include "Interpolation.h"
#include <LibWeb/CSS/PropertyID.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AngleStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/CSSColorValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/CSSKeywordValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/FrequencyStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/IntegerStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/LengthStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/NumberStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/PercentageStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/RatioStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/RectStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValueList.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/TimeStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/TransformationStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/Transformation.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Element.h>
#include <LibWeb/Layout/Node.h>
#include <LibWeb/Painting/PaintableBox.h>

namespace Web::CSS {

template<typename T>
static T interpolate_raw(T from, T to, float delta)
{
    if constexpr (AK::Detail::IsSame<T, double>) {
        return from + (to - from) * static_cast<double>(delta);
    } else {
        return static_cast<AK::Detail::RemoveCVReference<T>>(from + (to - from) * delta);
    }
}

ValueComparingRefPtr<CSSStyleValue const> interpolate_property(DOM::Element& element, PropertyID property_id, CSSStyleValue const& from, CSSStyleValue const& to, float delta)
{
    auto animation_type = animation_type_from_longhand_property(property_id);
    switch (animation_type) {
    case AnimationType::ByComputedValue:
        return interpolate_value(element, from, to, delta);
    case AnimationType::None:
        return to;
    case AnimationType::Custom: {
        if (property_id == PropertyID::Transform) {
            if (auto interpolated_transform = interpolate_transform(element, from, to, delta))
                return *interpolated_transform;

            // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-1/#interpolation-of-transforms
            // In some cases, an animation might cause a transformation matrix to be singular or non-invertible.
            // For example, an animation in which scale moves from 1 to -1. At the time when the matrix is in
            // such a state, the transformed element is not rendered.
            return {};
        }
        if (property_id == PropertyID::BoxShadow)
            return interpolate_box_shadow(element, from, to, delta);

        // FIXME: Handle all custom animatable properties
        [[fallthrough]];
    }
    // FIXME: Handle repeatable-list animatable properties
    case AnimationType::RepeatableList:
    case AnimationType::Discrete:
    default:
        return delta >= 0.5f ? to : from;
    }
}

// A null return value means the interpolated matrix was not invertible or otherwise invalid
RefPtr<CSSStyleValue const> interpolate_transform(DOM::Element& element, CSSStyleValue const& from, CSSStyleValue const& to, float delta)
{
    // Note that the spec uses column-major notation, so all the matrix indexing is reversed.

    static constexpr auto make_transformation = [](TransformationStyleValue const& transformation) -> AK::Optional<Transformation> {
        AK::Vector<TransformValue> values;

        for (auto const& value : transformation.values()) {
            switch (value->type()) {
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Angle:
                values.append(AngleOrCalculated { value->as_angle().angle() });
                break;
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Math:
                values.append(LengthPercentage { value->as_math() });
                break;
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Length:
                values.append(LengthPercentage { value->as_length().length() });
                break;
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Percentage:
                values.append(LengthPercentage { value->as_percentage().percentage() });
                break;
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Number:
                values.append(NumberPercentage { Number(Number::Type::Number, value->as_number().number()) });
                break;
            default:
                return {};
            }
        }

        return Transformation { transformation.transform_function(), move(values) };
    };

    static constexpr auto transformation_style_value_to_matrix = [](DOM::Element& element, TransformationStyleValue const& value) -> Optional<FloatMatrix4x4> {
        auto transformation = make_transformation(value);
        if (!transformation.has_value())
            return {};
        Optional<Painting::PaintableBox const&> paintable_box;
        if (auto layout_node = element.layout_node()) {
            if (auto paintable = layout_node->paintable(); paintable && is<Painting::PaintableBox>(paintable))
                paintable_box = *static_cast<Painting::PaintableBox*>(paintable);
        }
        if (auto matrix = transformation->to_matrix(paintable_box); !matrix.is_error())
            return matrix.value();
        return {};
    };

    static constexpr auto style_value_to_matrix = [](DOM::Element& element, CSSStyleValue const& value) -> FloatMatrix4x4 {
        if (value.is_transformation())
            return transformation_style_value_to_matrix(element, value.as_transformation()).value_or(FloatMatrix4x4::identity());

        // This encompasses both the allowed value "none" and any invalid values
        if (!value.is_value_list())
            return FloatMatrix4x4::identity();

        auto matrix = FloatMatrix4x4::identity();
        for (auto const& value_element : value.as_value_list().values()) {
            if (value_element->is_transformation()) {
                if (auto value_matrix = transformation_style_value_to_matrix(element, value_element->as_transformation()); value_matrix.has_value())
                    matrix = matrix * value_matrix.value();
            }
        }

        return matrix;
    };

    struct DecomposedValues {
        FloatVector3 translation;
        FloatVector3 scale;
        FloatVector3 skew;
        FloatVector4 rotation;
        FloatVector4 perspective;
    };
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-2/#decomposing-a-3d-matrix
    static constexpr auto decompose = [](FloatMatrix4x4 matrix) -> Optional<DecomposedValues> {
        // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-1/#supporting-functions
        static constexpr auto combine = [](auto a, auto b, float ascl, float bscl) {
            return FloatVector3 {
                ascl * a[0] + bscl * b[0],
                ascl * a[1] + bscl * b[1],
                ascl * a[2] + bscl * b[2],
            };
        };

        // Normalize the matrix.
        if (matrix(3, 3) == 0.f)
            return {};

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                matrix(i, j) /= matrix(3, 3);

        // perspectiveMatrix is used to solve for perspective, but it also provides
        // an easy way to test for singularity of the upper 3x3 component.
        auto perspective_matrix = matrix;
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            perspective_matrix(3, i) = 0.f;
        perspective_matrix(3, 3) = 1.f;

        if (!perspective_matrix.is_invertible())
            return {};

        DecomposedValues values;

        // First, isolate perspective.
        if (matrix(3, 0) != 0.f || matrix(3, 1) != 0.f || matrix(3, 2) != 0.f) {
            // rightHandSide is the right hand side of the equation.
            // Note: It is the bottom side in a row-major matrix
            FloatVector4 bottom_side = {
                matrix(3, 0),
                matrix(3, 1),
                matrix(3, 2),
                matrix(3, 3),
            };

            // Solve the equation by inverting perspectiveMatrix and multiplying
            // rightHandSide by the inverse.
            auto inverse_perspective_matrix = perspective_matrix.inverse();
            auto transposed_inverse_perspective_matrix = inverse_perspective_matrix.transpose();
            values.perspective = transposed_inverse_perspective_matrix * bottom_side;
        } else {
            // No perspective.
            values.perspective = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
        }

        // Next take care of translation
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            values.translation[i] = matrix(i, 3);

        // Now get scale and shear. 'row' is a 3 element array of 3 component vectors
        FloatVector3 row[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            row[i] = { matrix(0, i), matrix(1, i), matrix(2, i) };

        // Compute X scale factor and normalize first row.
        values.scale[0] = row[0].length();
        row[0].normalize();

        // Compute XY shear factor and make 2nd row orthogonal to 1st.
        values.skew[0] = row[0].dot(row[1]);
        row[1] = combine(row[1], row[0], 1.f, -values.skew[0]);

        // Now, compute Y scale and normalize 2nd row.
        values.scale[1] = row[1].length();
        row[1].normalize();
        values.skew[0] /= values.scale[1];

        // Compute XZ and YZ shears, orthogonalize 3rd row
        values.skew[1] = row[0].dot(row[2]);
        row[2] = combine(row[2], row[0], 1.f, -values.skew[1]);
        values.skew[2] = row[1].dot(row[2]);
        row[2] = combine(row[2], row[1], 1.f, -values.skew[2]);

        // Next, get Z scale and normalize 3rd row.
        values.scale[2] = row[2].length();
        row[2].normalize();
        values.skew[1] /= values.scale[2];
        values.skew[2] /= values.scale[2];

        // At this point, the matrix (in rows) is orthonormal.
        // Check for a coordinate system flip.  If the determinant
        // is -1, then negate the matrix and the scaling factors.
        auto pdum3 = row[1].cross(row[2]);
        if (row[0].dot(pdum3) < 0.f) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                values.scale[i] *= -1.f;
                row[i][0] *= -1.f;
                row[i][1] *= -1.f;
                row[i][2] *= -1.f;
            }
        }

        // Now, get the rotations out
        values.rotation[0] = 0.5f * sqrt(max(1.f + row[0][0] - row[1][1] - row[2][2], 0.f));
        values.rotation[1] = 0.5f * sqrt(max(1.f - row[0][0] + row[1][1] - row[2][2], 0.f));
        values.rotation[2] = 0.5f * sqrt(max(1.f - row[0][0] - row[1][1] + row[2][2], 0.f));
        values.rotation[3] = 0.5f * sqrt(max(1.f + row[0][0] + row[1][1] + row[2][2], 0.f));

        if (row[2][1] > row[1][2])
            values.rotation[0] = -values.rotation[0];
        if (row[0][2] > row[2][0])
            values.rotation[1] = -values.rotation[1];
        if (row[1][0] > row[0][1])
            values.rotation[2] = -values.rotation[2];

        // FIXME: This accounts for the fact that the browser coordinate system is left-handed instead of right-handed.
        //        The reason for this is that the positive Y-axis direction points down instead of up. To fix this, we
        //        invert the Y axis. However, it feels like the spec pseudo-code above should have taken something like
        //        this into account, so we're probably doing something else wrong.
        values.rotation[2] *= -1;

        return values;
    };

    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-2/#recomposing-to-a-3d-matrix
    static constexpr auto recompose = [](DecomposedValues const& values) -> FloatMatrix4x4 {
        auto matrix = FloatMatrix4x4::identity();

        // apply perspective
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
            matrix(3, i) = values.perspective[i];

        // apply translation
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
                matrix(i, 3) += values.translation[j] * matrix(i, j);
        }

        // apply rotation
        auto x = values.rotation[0];
        auto y = values.rotation[1];
        auto z = values.rotation[2];
        auto w = values.rotation[3];

        // Construct a composite rotation matrix from the quaternion values
        // rotationMatrix is a identity 4x4 matrix initially
        auto rotation_matrix = FloatMatrix4x4::identity();
        rotation_matrix(0, 0) = 1.f - 2.f * (y * y + z * z);
        rotation_matrix(1, 0) = 2.f * (x * y - z * w);
        rotation_matrix(2, 0) = 2.f * (x * z + y * w);
        rotation_matrix(0, 1) = 2.f * (x * y + z * w);
        rotation_matrix(1, 1) = 1.f - 2.f * (x * x + z * z);
        rotation_matrix(2, 1) = 2.f * (y * z - x * w);
        rotation_matrix(0, 2) = 2.f * (x * z - y * w);
        rotation_matrix(1, 2) = 2.f * (y * z + x * w);
        rotation_matrix(2, 2) = 1.f - 2.f * (x * x + y * y);

        matrix = matrix * rotation_matrix;

        // apply skew
        // temp is a identity 4x4 matrix initially
        auto temp = FloatMatrix4x4::identity();
        if (values.skew[2] != 0.f) {
            temp(1, 2) = values.skew[2];
            matrix = matrix * temp;
        }

        if (values.skew[1] != 0.f) {
            temp(1, 2) = 0.f;
            temp(0, 2) = values.skew[1];
            matrix = matrix * temp;
        }

        if (values.skew[0] != 0.f) {
            temp(0, 2) = 0.f;
            temp(0, 1) = values.skew[0];
            matrix = matrix * temp;
        }

        // apply scale
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                matrix(j, i) *= values.scale[i];
        }

        return matrix;
    };

    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-2/#interpolation-of-decomposed-3d-matrix-values
    static constexpr auto interpolate = [](DecomposedValues& from, DecomposedValues& to, float delta) -> DecomposedValues {
        auto product = clamp(from.rotation.dot(to.rotation), -1.0f, 1.0f);
        FloatVector4 interpolated_rotation;
        if (fabsf(product) == 1.0f) {
            interpolated_rotation = from.rotation;
        } else {
            auto theta = acos(product);
            auto w = sin(delta * theta) / sqrtf(1.0f - product * product);

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                from.rotation[i] *= cos(delta * theta) - product * w;
                to.rotation[i] *= w;
                interpolated_rotation[i] = from.rotation[i] + to.rotation[i];
            }
        }

        return {
            interpolate_raw(from.translation, to.translation, delta),
            interpolate_raw(from.scale, to.scale, delta),
            interpolate_raw(from.skew, to.skew, delta),
            interpolated_rotation,
            interpolate_raw(from.perspective, to.perspective, delta),
        };
    };

    auto from_matrix = style_value_to_matrix(element, from);
    auto to_matrix = style_value_to_matrix(element, to);
    auto from_decomposed = decompose(from_matrix);
    auto to_decomposed = decompose(to_matrix);
    if (!from_decomposed.has_value() || !to_decomposed.has_value())
        return {};
    auto interpolated_decomposed = interpolate(from_decomposed.value(), to_decomposed.value(), delta);
    auto interpolated = recompose(interpolated_decomposed);

    StyleValueVector values;
    values.ensure_capacity(16);
    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
        values.append(NumberStyleValue::create(static_cast<double>(interpolated(i % 4, i / 4))));
    return StyleValueList::create({ TransformationStyleValue::create(TransformFunction::Matrix3d, move(values)) }, StyleValueList::Separator::Comma);
}

Color interpolate_color(Color from, Color to, float delta)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color/#interpolation-space
    // If the host syntax does not define what color space interpolation should take place in, it defaults to Oklab.
    auto from_oklab = from.to_oklab();
    auto to_oklab = to.to_oklab();

    auto color = Color::from_oklab(
        interpolate_raw(from_oklab.L, to_oklab.L, delta),
        interpolate_raw(from_oklab.a, to_oklab.a, delta),
        interpolate_raw(from_oklab.b, to_oklab.b, delta));
    color.set_alpha(interpolate_raw(from.alpha(), to.alpha(), delta));
    return color;
}

NonnullRefPtr<CSSStyleValue const> interpolate_box_shadow(DOM::Element& element, CSSStyleValue const& from, CSSStyleValue const& to, float delta)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds/#box-shadow
    // Animation type: by computed value, treating none as a zero-item list and appending blank shadows
    //                 (transparent 0 0 0 0) with a corresponding inset keyword as needed to match the longer list if
    //                 the shorter list is otherwise compatible with the longer one

    static constexpr auto process_list = [](CSSStyleValue const& value) {
        StyleValueVector shadows;
        if (value.is_value_list()) {
            for (auto const& element : value.as_value_list().values()) {
                if (element->is_shadow())
                    shadows.append(element);
            }
        } else if (value.is_shadow()) {
            shadows.append(value);
        } else if (!value.is_keyword() || value.as_keyword().keyword() != Keyword::None) {
            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
        }
        return shadows;
    };

    static constexpr auto extend_list_if_necessary = [](StyleValueVector& values, StyleValueVector const& other) {
        values.ensure_capacity(other.size());
        for (size_t i = values.size(); i < other.size(); i++) {
            values.unchecked_append(ShadowStyleValue::create(
                CSSColorValue::create_from_color(Color::Transparent),
                LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(0)),
                LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(0)),
                LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(0)),
                LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(0)),
                other[i]->as_shadow().placement()));
        }
    };

    StyleValueVector from_shadows = process_list(from);
    StyleValueVector to_shadows = process_list(to);

    extend_list_if_necessary(from_shadows, to_shadows);
    extend_list_if_necessary(to_shadows, from_shadows);

    VERIFY(from_shadows.size() == to_shadows.size());
    StyleValueVector result_shadows;
    result_shadows.ensure_capacity(from_shadows.size());

    for (size_t i = 0; i < from_shadows.size(); i++) {
        auto const& from_shadow = from_shadows[i]->as_shadow();
        auto const& to_shadow = to_shadows[i]->as_shadow();
        auto result_shadow = ShadowStyleValue::create(
            CSSColorValue::create_from_color(interpolate_color(from_shadow.color()->to_color({}), to_shadow.color()->to_color({}), delta)),
            interpolate_value(element, from_shadow.offset_x(), to_shadow.offset_x(), delta),
            interpolate_value(element, from_shadow.offset_y(), to_shadow.offset_y(), delta),
            interpolate_value(element, from_shadow.blur_radius(), to_shadow.blur_radius(), delta),
            interpolate_value(element, from_shadow.spread_distance(), to_shadow.spread_distance(), delta),
            delta >= 0.5f ? to_shadow.placement() : from_shadow.placement());
        result_shadows.unchecked_append(result_shadow);
    }

    return StyleValueList::create(move(result_shadows), StyleValueList::Separator::Comma);
}

NonnullRefPtr<CSSStyleValue const> interpolate_value(DOM::Element& element, CSSStyleValue const& from, CSSStyleValue const& to, float delta)
{
    if (from.type() != to.type()) {
        // Handle mixed percentage and dimension types
        // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#mixed-percentages

        struct NumericBaseTypeAndDefault {
            CSSNumericType::BaseType base_type;
            ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<CSSStyleValue> default_value;
        };
        static constexpr auto numeric_base_type_and_default = [](CSSStyleValue const& value) -> Optional<NumericBaseTypeAndDefault> {
            switch (value.type()) {
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Angle: {
                static auto default_angle_value = AngleStyleValue::create(Angle::make_degrees(0));
                return NumericBaseTypeAndDefault { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, default_angle_value };
            }
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Frequency: {
                static auto default_frequency_value = FrequencyStyleValue::create(Frequency::make_hertz(0));
                return NumericBaseTypeAndDefault { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Frequency, default_frequency_value };
            }
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Length: {
                static auto default_length_value = LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(0));
                return NumericBaseTypeAndDefault { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Length, default_length_value };
            }
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Percentage: {
                static auto default_percentage_value = PercentageStyleValue::create(Percentage { 0.0 });
                return NumericBaseTypeAndDefault { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Percent, default_percentage_value };
            }
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Time: {
                static auto default_time_value = TimeStyleValue::create(Time::make_seconds(0));
                return NumericBaseTypeAndDefault { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Time, default_time_value };
            }
            default:
                return {};
            }
        };

        static constexpr auto to_calculation_node = [](CSSStyleValue const& value) -> NonnullOwnPtr<CalculationNode> {
            switch (value.type()) {
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Angle:
                return NumericCalculationNode::create(value.as_angle().angle());
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Frequency:
                return NumericCalculationNode::create(value.as_frequency().frequency());
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Length:
                return NumericCalculationNode::create(value.as_length().length());
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Percentage:
                return NumericCalculationNode::create(value.as_percentage().percentage());
            case CSSStyleValue::Type::Time:
                return NumericCalculationNode::create(value.as_time().time());
            default:
                VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
            }
        };

        auto from_base_type_and_default = numeric_base_type_and_default(from);
        auto to_base_type_and_default = numeric_base_type_and_default(to);

        if (from_base_type_and_default.has_value() && to_base_type_and_default.has_value() && (from_base_type_and_default->base_type == CSSNumericType::BaseType::Percent || to_base_type_and_default->base_type == CSSNumericType::BaseType::Percent)) {
            // This is an interpolation from a numeric unit to a percentage, or vice versa. The trick here is to
            // interpolate two separate values. For example, consider an interpolation from 30px to 80%. It's quite
            // hard to understand how this interpolation works, but if instead we rewrite the values as "30px + 0%" and
            // "0px + 80%", then it is very simple to understand; we just interpolate each component separately.

            auto interpolated_from = interpolate_value(element, from, from_base_type_and_default->default_value, delta);
            auto interpolated_to = interpolate_value(element, to_base_type_and_default->default_value, to, delta);

            Vector<NonnullOwnPtr<CalculationNode>> values;
            values.ensure_capacity(2);
            values.unchecked_append(to_calculation_node(interpolated_from));
            values.unchecked_append(to_calculation_node(interpolated_to));
            auto calc_node = SumCalculationNode::create(move(values));
            return CSSMathValue::create(move(calc_node), CSSNumericType { to_base_type_and_default->base_type, 1 });
        }

        return delta >= 0.5f ? to : from;
    }

    switch (from.type()) {
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Angle:
        return AngleStyleValue::create(Angle::make_degrees(interpolate_raw(from.as_angle().angle().to_degrees(), to.as_angle().angle().to_degrees(), delta)));
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Color: {
        Optional<Layout::NodeWithStyle const&> layout_node;
        if (auto node = element.layout_node())
            layout_node = *node;
        return CSSColorValue::create_from_color(interpolate_color(from.to_color(layout_node), to.to_color(layout_node), delta));
    }
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Integer:
        return IntegerStyleValue::create(interpolate_raw(from.as_integer().integer(), to.as_integer().integer(), delta));
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Length: {
        auto& from_length = from.as_length().length();
        auto& to_length = to.as_length().length();
        return LengthStyleValue::create(Length(interpolate_raw(from_length.raw_value(), to_length.raw_value(), delta), from_length.type()));
    }
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Number:
        return NumberStyleValue::create(interpolate_raw(from.as_number().number(), to.as_number().number(), delta));
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Percentage:
        return PercentageStyleValue::create(Percentage(interpolate_raw(from.as_percentage().percentage().value(), to.as_percentage().percentage().value(), delta)));
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Position: {
        // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#combine-positions
        // FIXME: Interpolation of <position> is defined as the independent interpolation of each component (x, y) normalized as an offset from the top left corner as a <length-percentage>.
        auto& from_position = from.as_position();
        auto& to_position = to.as_position();
        return PositionStyleValue::create(
            interpolate_value(element, from_position.edge_x(), to_position.edge_x(), delta)->as_edge(),
            interpolate_value(element, from_position.edge_y(), to_position.edge_y(), delta)->as_edge());
    }
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Ratio: {
        auto from_ratio = from.as_ratio().ratio();
        auto to_ratio = to.as_ratio().ratio();

        // The interpolation of a <ratio> is defined by converting each <ratio> to a number by dividing the first value
        // by the second (so a ratio of 3 / 2 would become 1.5), taking the logarithm of that result (so the 1.5 would
        // become approximately 0.176), then interpolating those values. The result during the interpolation is
        // converted back to a <ratio> by inverting the logarithm, then interpreting the result as a <ratio> with the
        // result as the first value and 1 as the second value.
        auto from_number = log(from_ratio.value());
        auto to_number = log(to_ratio.value());
        auto interp_number = interpolate_raw(from_number, to_number, delta);
        return RatioStyleValue::create(Ratio(pow(M_E, interp_number)));
    }
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Rect: {
        auto from_rect = from.as_rect().rect();
        auto to_rect = to.as_rect().rect();
        return RectStyleValue::create({
            Length(interpolate_raw(from_rect.top_edge.raw_value(), to_rect.top_edge.raw_value(), delta), from_rect.top_edge.type()),
            Length(interpolate_raw(from_rect.right_edge.raw_value(), to_rect.right_edge.raw_value(), delta), from_rect.right_edge.type()),
            Length(interpolate_raw(from_rect.bottom_edge.raw_value(), to_rect.bottom_edge.raw_value(), delta), from_rect.bottom_edge.type()),
            Length(interpolate_raw(from_rect.left_edge.raw_value(), to_rect.left_edge.raw_value(), delta), from_rect.left_edge.type()),
        });
    }
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::Transformation:
        VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
    case CSSStyleValue::Type::ValueList: {
        auto& from_list = from.as_value_list();
        auto& to_list = to.as_value_list();
        if (from_list.size() != to_list.size())
            return from;

        StyleValueVector interpolated_values;
        interpolated_values.ensure_capacity(from_list.size());
        for (size_t i = 0; i < from_list.size(); ++i)
            interpolated_values.append(interpolate_value(element, from_list.values()[i], to_list.values()[i], delta));

        return StyleValueList::create(move(interpolated_values), from_list.separator());
    }
    default:
        return from;
    }
}

}