Apologies for the enormous commit, but I don't see a way to split this
up nicely. In the vast majority of cases it's a simple change. A few
extra places can use TRY instead of manual error checking though. :^)
This is a simple implementation of SubtleCrypto.digest() using LibCrypto
under the hood, so it supports all the required hash functions:
SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512.
Two FIXMEs remain: doing the hashing "in parallel", and supporting an
object argument instead of a plain string.