Previously, `Heap` would store serialized data in blocks of 1024 bytes
regardless of the actual length. Data longer than 1024 bytes was
silently truncated causing database corruption.
This changes the heap storage to prefix every block with two new fields:
the total data size in bytes, and the next block to retrieve if the data
is longer than what can be stored inside a single block. By chaining
blocks together, we can store arbitrary amounts of data without needing
to change anything of the logic in the rest of LibSQL.
As part of these changes, the "free list" is also removed from the heap
awaiting an actual implementation: it was never used.
Note that this bumps the database version from 3 to 4, and as such
invalidates (deletes) any database opened with LibSQL that is not
version 4.
Classes reading and writing to the data heap would communicate directly
with the Heap object, and transfer ByteBuffers back and forth with it.
This makes things like caching and locking hard. Therefore all data
persistence activity will be funneled through a Serializer object which
in turn submits it to the Heap.
Introducing this unfortunately resulted in a huge amount of churn, in
which a number of smaller refactorings got caught up as well.
Unfortunately this patch is quite large.
The main functionality included are a BTree index implementation and
the Heap class which manages persistent storage.
Also included are a Key subclass of the Tuple class, which is a
specialization for index key tuples. This "dragged in" the Meta layer,
which has classes defining SQL objects like tables and indexes.
