LibGfx: Make JPGLoader iterate components deterministically

JPGLoader used to store component information in a HashTable, indexed
by the ID assigned by the JPEG file.  This was fine for most purposes,
however after f89e8fb7 this was revealed to be a flawed implementation
which causes non-deterministic iteration over components.

This issue was previously masked by a perfect storm of int_hash being
stable for the integer values 0, 1 and 2; and AK::HashTable having just
the right amount of buckets for the components to be ordered correctly
after being hashed with int_hash. However, after f89e8fb7,
malloc_good_size was used for determining the amount of space for
allocation; this caused the ordering of the components to change, and
images started showing up with the red and blue channels reversed. The
issue was finally determined to be inconsistent ordering after randomly
changing the order of the components caused Huffman decoding to fail.

This was the result of about 10 hours of hair-pulling and repeatedly
doing full rebuilds due to bisecting between commits that touched AK.
Gunnar, I like you, but please don't make me go through this again. :^)

Credits to Andrew Kaster, bgianf, CxByte and Gunnar for the debugging
help.

Userland/Libraries/LibGfx/JPGLoader.cpp

@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ struct MacroblockMeta {
 };
 
 struct ComponentSpec {
-    u8 serial_id { 255 }; // In the interval [0, 3).
     u8 id { 0 };
     u8 hsample_factor { 1 }; // Horizontal sampling factor.
     u8 vsample_factor { 1 }; // Vertical sampling factor.
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ struct JPGLoadingContext {
     u8 hsample_factor { 0 };
     u8 vsample_factor { 0 };
     u8 component_count { 0 };
-    HashMap<u8, ComponentSpec> components;
+    Vector<ComponentSpec, 3> components;
     RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> bitmap;
     u16 dc_reset_interval { 0 };
     HashMap<u8, HuffmanTableSpec> dc_tables;
@@ -251,6 +250,18 @@ static Optional<u8> get_next_symbol(HuffmanStreamState& hstream, const HuffmanTa
     return {};
 }
 
+static inline i32* get_component(Macroblock& block, unsigned component)
+{
+    switch (component) {
+    case 0:
+        return block.y;
+    case 1:
+        return block.cb;
+    default:
+        return block.cr;
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Build the macroblocks possible by reading single (MCU) subsampled pair of CbCr.
  * Depending on the sampling factors, we may not see triples of y, cb, cr in that
@@ -268,8 +279,8 @@ static Optional<u8> get_next_symbol(HuffmanStreamState& hstream, const HuffmanTa
  */
 static bool build_macroblocks(JPGLoadingContext& context, Vector<Macroblock>& macroblocks, u32 hcursor, u32 vcursor)
 {
-    for (auto it = context.components.begin(); it != context.components.end(); ++it) {
-        ComponentSpec& component = it->value;
+    for (unsigned component_i = 0; component_i < context.component_count; component_i++) {
+        auto& component = context.components[component_i];
 
         if (component.dc_destination_id >= context.dc_tables.size())
             return false;
@@ -306,8 +317,8 @@ static bool build_macroblocks(JPGLoadingContext& context, Vector<Macroblock>& ma
                 if (dc_length != 0 && dc_diff < (1 << (dc_length - 1)))
                     dc_diff -= (1 << dc_length) - 1;
 
-                i32* select_component = component.serial_id == 0 ? block.y : (component.serial_id == 1 ? block.cb : block.cr);
-                auto& previous_dc = context.previous_dc_values[component.serial_id];
+                auto select_component = get_component(block, component_i);
+                auto& previous_dc = context.previous_dc_values[component_i];
                 select_component[0] = previous_dc += dc_diff;
 
                 // Compute the AC coefficients.
@@ -502,21 +513,14 @@ static bool read_start_of_scan(InputMemoryStream& stream, JPGLoadingContext& con
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < component_count; i++) {
-        ComponentSpec* component = nullptr;
         u8 component_id = 0;
         stream >> component_id;
         if (stream.handle_any_error())
             return false;
 
-        auto it = context.components.find(component_id);
-        if (it != context.components.end()) {
-            component = &it->value;
-            if (i != component->serial_id) {
-                dbgln("JPEG decode failed (i != component->serial_id)");
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            dbgln_if(JPG_DEBUG, "{}: Unsupported component id: {}!", stream.offset(), component_id);
+        auto& component = context.components[i];
+        if (component.id != component_id) {
+            dbgln("JPEG decode failed (component.id != component_id)");
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -525,21 +529,21 @@ static bool read_start_of_scan(InputMemoryStream& stream, JPGLoadingContext& con
         if (stream.handle_any_error())
             return false;
 
-        component->dc_destination_id = table_ids >> 4;
-        component->ac_destination_id = table_ids & 0x0F;
+        component.dc_destination_id = table_ids >> 4;
+        component.ac_destination_id = table_ids & 0x0F;
 
         if (context.dc_tables.size() != context.ac_tables.size()) {
             dbgln_if(JPG_DEBUG, "{}: DC & AC table count mismatch!", stream.offset());
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!context.dc_tables.contains(component->dc_destination_id)) {
-            dbgln_if(JPG_DEBUG, "DC table (id: {}) does not exist!", component->dc_destination_id);
+        if (!context.dc_tables.contains(component.dc_destination_id)) {
+            dbgln_if(JPG_DEBUG, "DC table (id: {}) does not exist!", component.dc_destination_id);
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!context.ac_tables.contains(component->ac_destination_id)) {
-            dbgln_if(JPG_DEBUG, "AC table (id: {}) does not exist!", component->ac_destination_id);
+        if (!context.ac_tables.contains(component.ac_destination_id)) {
+            dbgln_if(JPG_DEBUG, "AC table (id: {}) does not exist!", component.ac_destination_id);
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -731,7 +735,6 @@ static bool read_start_of_frame(InputMemoryStream& stream, JPGLoadingContext& co
 
     for (u8 i = 0; i < context.component_count; i++) {
         ComponentSpec component;
-        component.serial_id = i;
 
         stream >> component.id;
         if (stream.handle_any_error())
@@ -744,7 +747,7 @@ static bool read_start_of_frame(InputMemoryStream& stream, JPGLoadingContext& co
         component.hsample_factor = subsample_factors >> 4;
         component.vsample_factor = subsample_factors & 0x0F;
 
-        if (component.serial_id == 0) {
+        if (i == 0) {
             // By convention, downsampling is applied only on chroma components. So we should
             //  hope to see the maximum sampling factor in the luma component.
             if (!validate_luma_and_modify_context(component, context)) {
@@ -772,7 +775,7 @@ static bool read_start_of_frame(InputMemoryStream& stream, JPGLoadingContext& co
             return false;
         }
 
-        context.components.set(component.id, component);
+        context.components.append(move(component));
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -842,14 +845,14 @@ static void dequantize(JPGLoadingContext& context, Vector<Macroblock>& macrobloc
 {
     for (u32 vcursor = 0; vcursor < context.mblock_meta.vcount; vcursor += context.vsample_factor) {
         for (u32 hcursor = 0; hcursor < context.mblock_meta.hcount; hcursor += context.hsample_factor) {
-            for (auto it = context.components.begin(); it != context.components.end(); ++it) {
-                auto& component = it->value;
+            for (u32 i = 0; i < context.component_count; i++) {
+                auto& component = context.components[i];
                 const u32* table = component.qtable_id == 0 ? context.luma_table : context.chroma_table;
                 for (u32 vfactor_i = 0; vfactor_i < component.vsample_factor; vfactor_i++) {
                     for (u32 hfactor_i = 0; hfactor_i < component.hsample_factor; hfactor_i++) {
                         u32 mb_index = (vcursor + vfactor_i) * context.mblock_meta.hpadded_count + (hfactor_i + hcursor);
                         Macroblock& block = macroblocks[mb_index];
-                        int* block_component = component.serial_id == 0 ? block.y : (component.serial_id == 1 ? block.cb : block.cr);
+                        int* block_component = get_component(block, i);
                         for (u32 k = 0; k < 64; k++)
                             block_component[k] *= table[k];
                     }
@@ -878,13 +881,13 @@ static void inverse_dct(const JPGLoadingContext& context, Vector<Macroblock>& ma
 
     for (u32 vcursor = 0; vcursor < context.mblock_meta.vcount; vcursor += context.vsample_factor) {
         for (u32 hcursor = 0; hcursor < context.mblock_meta.hcount; hcursor += context.hsample_factor) {
-            for (auto it = context.components.begin(); it != context.components.end(); ++it) {
-                auto& component = it->value;
+            for (u32 component_i = 0; component_i < context.component_count; component_i++) {
+                auto& component = context.components[component_i];
                 for (u8 vfactor_i = 0; vfactor_i < component.vsample_factor; vfactor_i++) {
                     for (u8 hfactor_i = 0; hfactor_i < component.hsample_factor; hfactor_i++) {
                         u32 mb_index = (vcursor + vfactor_i) * context.mblock_meta.hpadded_count + (hfactor_i + hcursor);
                         Macroblock& block = macroblocks[mb_index];
-                        i32* block_component = component.serial_id == 0 ? block.y : (component.serial_id == 1 ? block.cb : block.cr);
+                        i32* block_component = get_component(block, component_i);
                         for (u32 k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
                             const float g0 = block_component[0 * 8 + k] * s0;
                             const float g1 = block_component[4 * 8 + k] * s4;