AK+LibJS: Handle NaN-boxing pointers on AArch64

JS::Value stores 48 bit pointers to separately allocated objects in its
payload. On x86-64, canonical addresses have their top 16 bits set to
the same value as bit 47, effectively meaning that the value has to be
sign-extended to get the pointer. AArch64, however, expects the topmost
bits to be all zeros.

This commit gates sign extension behind `#if ARCH(X86_64)`, and adds an
`#error` for unsupported architectures, so that we do not forget to
think about pointer handling when porting to a new architecture.

Fixes #15290
Fixes SerenityOS/ladybird#56

AK/Platform.h

@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@
 #    define AK_ARCH_AARCH64 1
 #endif
 
+#if (defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__) && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 8) || defined(_WIN64)
+#    define AK_ARCH_64_BIT
+#else
+#    define AK_ARCH_32_BIT
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
 #    define AK_OS_MACOS
 #    define AK_OS_BSD_GENERIC

Tests/LibJS/test-value-js.cpp

@@ -39,25 +39,18 @@ TEST_NULLPTR_INPUT(Accessor);
 
 #undef TEST_NULLPTR_INPUT
 
-// Unfortunately we don't have a way to get the pointer without it being dereferenced
-// so we just use the same logic, this is dangerous if Value is ever changed!
-static u64 extract_pointer(u64 ptr)
-{
-    return (u64)(((i64)(ptr << 16)) >> 16);
-}
-
 TEST_CASE(valid_pointer_in_gives_same_pointer_out)
 {
     if (sizeof(void*) < sizeof(double))
         return;
 
-#define EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(input)                                     \
-    {                                                                        \
-        JS::Value value(reinterpret_cast<Object*>(static_cast<u64>(input))); \
-        EXPECT(value.is_object());                                           \
-        EXPECT(!value.is_null());                                            \
-        auto extracted_pointer = extract_pointer(value.encoded());           \
-        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<u64>(input), extracted_pointer);               \
+#define EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(input)                                           \
+    {                                                                              \
+        JS::Value value(reinterpret_cast<Object*>(static_cast<u64>(input)));       \
+        EXPECT(value.is_object());                                                 \
+        EXPECT(!value.is_null());                                                  \
+        auto extracted_pointer = JS::Value::extract_pointer_bits(value.encoded()); \
+        EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<u64>(input), extracted_pointer);                     \
     }
 
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x1);
@@ -66,9 +59,18 @@ TEST_CASE(valid_pointer_in_gives_same_pointer_out)
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x00007fffffffffff);
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x0000700000000000);
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x0000100000000000);
+
+#if ARCH(X86_64)
+    // On x86-64, the top 16 bits of pointers are equal to bit 47.
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0xffff800000000000);
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0xffff800000000001);
     EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0xffff800000000010);
+#elif ARCH(AARCH64)
+    // ... but they should contain zeroes on AArch64.
+    EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x0000800000000000);
+    EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x0000800000000001);
+    EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE(0x0000800000000010);
+#endif
 
 #undef EXPECT_POINTER_TO_SURVIVE
 }

Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Heap/Heap.cpp

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ __attribute__((no_sanitize("address"))) void Heap::gather_conservative_roots(Has
             // match any pointer-backed tag, in that case we have to extract the pointer to its
             // canonical form and add that as a possible pointer.
             if ((data & SHIFTED_IS_CELL_PATTERN) == SHIFTED_IS_CELL_PATTERN)
-                possible_pointers.set((u64)(((i64)data << 16) >> 16));
+                possible_pointers.set(Value::extract_pointer_bits(data));
             else
                 possible_pointers.set(data);
         } else {

Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Runtime/Value.h

@@ -398,6 +398,24 @@ public:
     template<typename... Args>
     [[nodiscard]] ALWAYS_INLINE ThrowCompletionOr<Value> invoke(VM&, PropertyKey const& property_key, Args... args);
 
+    static constexpr FlatPtr extract_pointer_bits(u64 encoded)
+    {
+#ifdef AK_ARCH_32_BIT
+        // For 32-bit system the pointer fully fits so we can just return it directly.
+        static_assert(sizeof(void*) == sizeof(u32));
+        return static_cast<FlatPtr>(encoded & 0xffff'ffff);
+#elif ARCH(X86_64)
+        // For x86_64 the top 16 bits should be sign extending the "real" top bit (47th).
+        // So first shift the top 16 bits away then using the right shift it sign extends the top 16 bits.
+        return static_cast<FlatPtr>((static_cast<i64>(encoded << 16)) >> 16);
+#elif ARCH(AARCH64)
+        // For AArch64 the top 16 bits of the pointer should be zero.
+        return static_cast<FlatPtr>(encoded & 0xffff'ffff'ffffULL);
+#else
+#    error "Unknown architecture. Don't know whether pointers need to be sign-extended."
+#endif
+    }
+
 private:
     Value(u64 tag, u64 val)
     {
@@ -444,15 +462,7 @@ private:
     PointerType* extract_pointer() const
     {
         VERIFY(is_cell());
-
-        // For 32-bit system the pointer fully fits so we can just return it directly.
-        if constexpr (sizeof(PointerType*) < sizeof(u64))
-            return reinterpret_cast<PointerType*>(static_cast<u32>(m_value.encoded & 0xffffffff));
-
-        // For x86_64 the top 16 bits should be sign extending the "real" top bit (47th).
-        // So first shift the top 16 bits away then using the right shift it sign extends the top 16 bits.
-        u64 ptr_val = (u64)(((i64)(m_value.encoded << 16)) >> 16);
-        return reinterpret_cast<PointerType*>(ptr_val);
+        return reinterpret_cast<PointerType*>(extract_pointer_bits(m_value.encoded));
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] ThrowCompletionOr<Value> invoke_internal(VM&, PropertyKey const&, Optional<MarkedVector<Value>> arguments);